{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:22:18Z","timestamp":1774542138918,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"research Project BioAgroFloRes\u2014Sustainable Agroforestry Biomass Supply Chain Management Model\u2014supported on a Web Platform","award":["PCIF\/GVB\/0083\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIF\/GVB\/0083\/2019"]}]},{"name":"research Project BioAgroFloRes\u2014Sustainable Agroforestry Biomass Supply Chain Management Model\u2014supported on a Web Platform","award":["PT2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)\/MCTES","award":["PCIF\/GVB\/0083\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIF\/GVB\/0083\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)\/MCTES","award":["PT2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER","award":["PCIF\/GVB\/0083\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIF\/GVB\/0083\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FEDER","award":["PT2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As environmental sustainability gains importance, enhancing supply chains to minimize environmental hazards is essential, particularly in industries using residual biomass. This study tackles this by investigating the integration of sustainability criteria into supply chain optimization for a biomass energy company in Portugal, using a combination of simulation modeling through anyLogistix software (version: 2.15.3.202209061204) and multi-criteria decision-making. Four supply chain scenarios were designed and simulated, differing in their number of distribution centers, the adoption of green logistics, and split-by-ratio distribution strategies over a 305-day period. Through the weighted sum model, Scenario C emerged as the optimal configuration, achieving a balance between operational efficiency and sustainability by reducing CO2 emissions by up to 90% and lowering transportation costs without compromising revenue. Sensitivity analysis further highlighted the trade-offs between cost efficiency, lead times, and environmental impact, showing that the strategic placement of distribution centers and the use of eco-friendly vehicles significantly improve the sustainability of the biomass supply chain. These findings provide practical insights for decision-makers, demonstrating how digital modeling tools can enhance supply chain management by optimizing environmental and operational goals simultaneously. This research contributes to the fields of sustainable logistics and supply chain management by validating the effectiveness of green logistics strategies and multi-criteria decision-making approaches in reducing environmental impact while maintaining economic viability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su16229709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T09:24:13Z","timestamp":1730971453000},"page":"9709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Highlighting Sustainability Criteria in Residual Biomass Supply Chains: A Dynamic Simulation Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4137-2970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardine","family":"Chidozie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies (GOVCOPP), Departmento de Economia, Gestao, Engenharia Industrial e Turismo (DEGEIT), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4401-7747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies (GOVCOPP), Departmento de Economia, Gestao, Engenharia Industrial e Turismo (DEGEIT), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5577-8237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies (GOVCOPP), Departmento de Economia, Gestao, Engenharia Industrial e Turismo (DEGEIT), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4225-6525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Pinto","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto (ISEP), Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, Associate Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aerospace (LAETA-INEGI), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5352-0830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinaldo","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC\u2014Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Analysis of the carbon footprint created by mining enterprises","volume":"11","author":"Silaev","year":"2023","journal-title":"MIAB Min. Inf. Anal. Bull."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casau, M., Dias, M.F., Matias, J.C., and Nunes, L.J. (2022). Residual biomass: A comprehensive review on the importance, uses and potential in a circular bioeconomy approach. Resources, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/resources11040035"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rijal, P., Carvalho, H., Matias, J., Garrido, S., and Pimentel, C. (2023, January 18\u201322). Drivers and Barriers of Residual Agroforestry Biomass Valorization: A Bibliometric Analysis. Proceedings of the International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing, Porto, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-38165-2_102"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.133889","article-title":"Sustainable operations, managerial decisions, and quantitative analytics of biomass supply chains: A systematic literature review","volume":"374","author":"Jazinaninejad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.30657\/pea.2024.30.12","article-title":"The Importance of Digital Transformation (5.0) in Supply Chain Optimization: An Empirical Study","volume":"30","author":"Chidozie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prod. Eng. Arch."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2022.106368","article-title":"Digital twin model and global sensitivity analysis of an indirect type solar dryer with sensible heat storage material: An approach from exergy sustainability indicators under tropical climate conditions","volume":"58","author":"Bassam","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"100050","article-title":"Literature review of digital twin technologies for civil infrastructure","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Infrastruct. Intell. Resil."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kizielewicz, B., Wi\u0119ckowski, J., and Sa\u0142abun, W. (2024, January 2\u20134). SESP-SPOTIS: Advancing Stochastic Approach for Re-identifying MCDA Models. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science, M\u00e1laga, Spain.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-63751-3_19"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khoddami, S., Mafakheri, F., and Zeng, Y. (2021). A system dynamics approach to comparative analysis of biomass supply chain coordination strategies. Energies, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/en14102808"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23796","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA01219K","article-title":"Recent advances in dynamic modeling and control studies of biomass gasification for production of hydrogen rich syngas","volume":"13","author":"Hussain","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2023.2217291","article-title":"Conceptualisation of a 7-element digital twin framework in supply chain and operations management","volume":"62","author":"Ivanov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1108\/IJLM-01-2023-0030","article-title":"Digital twin-based warehouse management system: A theoretical toolbox for future research and applications","volume":"35","author":"Maheshwari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Logist. Manag."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75152","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3294985","article-title":"Digital twin: Exploring the intersection of virtual and physical worlds","volume":"11","author":"Menon","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1016","article-title":"Digital Twin in manufacturing: A categorical literature review and classification","volume":"51","author":"Kritzinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ifac Pap."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"105","article-title":"Application of Digital Twin for Efficient Supply Chain: Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Vishwakarma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Industry 4.0 Technologies: Sustainable Manufacturing Supply Chains"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Moldovan, L., and Gligor, A. (2023, January 5\u20136). Analytical and Simulation Models as Decision Support Tools for Supply Chain Optimization\u2014An Empirical Study. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering. Inter-ENG 2023. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2024.108733","article-title":"A 3D functional plant modelling framework for agricultural digital twins","volume":"218","author":"Mitsanis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammerschmid, M., Rosenfeld, D.C., Bartik, A., Benedikt, F., Fuchs, J., and M\u00fcller, S. (2023). Methodology for the Development of Virtual Representations within the Process Development Framework of Energy Plants: From Digital Model to Digital Predictive Twin\u2014A Review. Energies, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/en16062641"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho, R., and da Silva, A.R. (2021). Sustainability requirements of digital twin-based systems: A meta systematic literature review. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11125519"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piras, G., Agostinelli, S., and Muzi, F. (2024). Digital Twin Framework for Built Environment: A Review of Key Enablers. Energies, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/en17020436"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.3198","article-title":"Sustainability in large food and beverage companies and their supply chains: An investigation into key drivers and barriers affecting sustainability strategies","volume":"32","author":"Adams","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2023.101010","article-title":"Agroforest woody residual biomass-to-energy supply chain analysis: Feasible and sustainable renewable resource exploitation for an alternative to fossil fuels","volume":"17","author":"Nunes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ese.2023.100330","article-title":"Smarter eco-cities and their leading-edge artificial intelligence of things solutions for environmental sustainability: A comprehensive systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Bibri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Ecotechnol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2023.107747","article-title":"Environmental life cycle assessment of biomass conversion using hydrothermal technology: A review","volume":"246","author":"Hussin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9311","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-022-04752-1","article-title":"A systematic review of densified biomass products life cycle assessments","volume":"20","author":"Esquiaqui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Hansen, D.W., and Chen, Z. (2023). Leveraging Digital Twins to Support Industrial Symbiosis Networks: A Case Study in the Norwegian Wood Supply Chain Collaboration. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15032647"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moldovan, L., and Gligor, A. (2023, January 5\u20136). Impacts of Simulation and Digital Tools on Supply Chain in Industry 4.0. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering. Inter-ENG 2023. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-54664-8"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2023.106893","article-title":"Green and sustainable biomass supply chain for environmental, social and economic benefits","volume":"175","author":"Hiloidhari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chidozie, B.C., Ramos, A.L., Ferreira, J.V., and Ferreira, L.P. (2023). Residual Agroforestry Biomass Supply Chain Simulation Insights and Directions: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15139992"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalak, T. (2023). Potential Use of Industrial Biomass Waste as a Sustainable Energy Source in the Future. Energies, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/en16041783"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2023.117554","article-title":"Renewable energy system opportunities: A sustainable solution toward cleaner production and reducing carbon footprint of large-scale dairy farms","volume":"293","author":"Minoofar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2023.07.024","article-title":"Contribution of renewable energy (hydro, wind, solar and biomass) to decarbonization and transformation of the electricity generation sector for sustainable development","volume":"9","author":"Paraschiv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.140075","article-title":"Priorities for the sustainability criteria of biomass supply chains for energy","volume":"434","author":"Dimitriou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero-Perdomo, F., and Gonz\u00e1lez-Curbelo, M.\u00c1. (2023). Integrating Multi-Criteria Techniques in Life-Cycle Tools for the Circular Bioeconomy Transition of Agri-Food Waste Biomass: A Systematic Review. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15065026"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes, L.J., and Silva, S. (2023). Optimization of the Residual Biomass Supply Chain: Process Characterization and Cost Analysis. Logistics, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/logistics7030048"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2023.101500","article-title":"Optimizing the agroforestry residual biomass supply chain: A disruptive tool for mitigating logistic costs and enhancing forest management","volume":"20","author":"Bastos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1108\/IJLM-03-2023-0085","article-title":"Sustainable green logistics and remanufacturing: A bibliometric analysis and future research directions","volume":"35","author":"Nikseresht","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Logist. Manag."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.3531","article-title":"Green logistics operations and its impact on supply chain sustainability: An empirical study","volume":"33","author":"Roy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Environ."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, K., Xie, W., Wang, B., Pei, J., Wu, W., Baker, M., and Zhou, Q. (2020, January 14\u201318). Simulation-based digital twin development for blockchain enabled end-to-end industrial hemp supply chain risk management. Proceedings of the 2020 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC48552.2020.9384115"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pehlken, A., and Baumann, S. (2020, January 15\u201317). Urban mining: Applying digital twins for sustainable product cascade use. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE\/ITMC), Cardiff, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICE\/ITMC49519.2020.9198462"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2021.117954","article-title":"Overcoming decision paralysis\u2014A digital twin for decision making in energy system design","volume":"306","author":"Granacher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"102837","article-title":"Recent trends of digital twin technologies in the energy sector: A comprehensive review","volume":"54","author":"Ghenai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Figueiredo, K., Tam, V.W., and Haddad, A. (2023, January 20\u201322). Synergizing Sustainability and Smartness: Integrating Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment with Digital Twins for Buildings. Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piqueiro, H., Gomes, R., Santos, R., and de Sousa, J.P. (2023). Managing Disruptions in a Biomass Supply Chain: A Decision Support System Based on Simulation\/Optimisation. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15097650"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"470","article-title":"Economic and environmental analysis of biomass pellet supply chain using simulation-based approach","volume":"28","author":"Le","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2023.109444","article-title":"Design and deployment of sustainable recovery strategies in the supply chain","volume":"183","author":"Ivanov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chidozie, B., Ramos, A., Vasconcelos, J., and Ferreira, L.P. (2024). Development of a Residual Biomass Supply Chain Simulation Model Using AnyLogistix: A Methodical Approach. Logistics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/logistics8040107"},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Banks, J., Carson, J.S., Nelson, B.L., and Nicol, D. (2010). Discrete-Event System Simulation, Prentice Hall. [5th ed.]. Available online: http:\/\/www.bcnn.net."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2009.06.021","article-title":"Review on multi-criteria decision analysis aid in sustainable energy decision-making","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"(2024, April 10). Database Earth. Available online: https:\/\/database.earth\/energy\/power-plants\/biomass-power\/portugal."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"2036","article-title":"Integrated supply chain design: A multi-structural framework for dynamic coordination, collaboration, and simulation","volume":"55","author":"Ivanov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Trebilcock, B. (2024, April 10). The Growing Importance of Supply Chain Network Design. Logistics Management. Available online: https:\/\/www.logisticsmgmt.com."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"159","article-title":"Combinatorial optimization and Green Logistics","volume":"175","author":"Sbihi","year":"2010","journal-title":"4OR Q. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"McKinnon, A.C. (2018). Decarbonizing Logistics: Distributing Goods in a Low Carbon World, Kogan Page Publishers."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2013.08.018","article-title":"Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process","volume":"147","author":"Govindan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1108\/09600030810882816","article-title":"A framework of sustainable supply chain management: Moving toward new theory","volume":"38","author":"Carter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"197","article-title":"Sustainable supply chain management and inter-organizational resources: A literature review","volume":"18","author":"Gold","year":"2011","journal-title":"Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"195","article-title":"Multi-criteria decision-making approach to select hybrid manufacturing and remanufacturing systems in sustainable supply chains","volume":"33","author":"Faccio","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"163","article-title":"Modelling, analysis, and simulation of supply chain scenarios using AnyLogistix software","volume":"10","author":"Longo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Simul. Process Model."}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/16\/22\/9709\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:28:12Z","timestamp":1760113692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/16\/22\/9709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["su16229709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su16229709","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]}}}