{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T10:18:34Z","timestamp":1778149114806,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spent mushroom substrate (SMS), often overlooked as waste despite its richness in organic matter and mineral micronutrients, is increasingly recognized as a versatile resource for various applications. This study examines the potential of SMS as a feedstock for biogas production. A periodic mesophilic fermentation regime at 36.0 \u00b1 0.1 \u00b0C was selected to conduct the experiments, after mixing the substrate with the inoculum, over a period of 38 days. The experimental results showed an average biogas yield of 292.7 Nm3\/t of fresh SMS, with a methane concentration of 66.2%, making SMS a competitive resource for renewable energy production. This approach not only offers economic benefits for agricultural and energy sectors, but also supports environmental sustainability by promoting waste reduction and resource valorization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su17051800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T11:03:37Z","timestamp":1740049417000},"page":"1800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Spent Mushroom Substrate as a Renewable Energy Resource: Evaluating Its Biogas Production Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9029-103X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Ravlikovsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Uzhhorod National University, 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine"},{"name":"Nature Green Ukraine LLC, 89423 Uzhhorod, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5710-7488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Nazar\u00e9 Coelho","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic University of Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Transport Phenomena Research Center (CEFT), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1888-0774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petro","family":"Kucheruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03057 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6698-3172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyudmyla","family":"Symochko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Uzhhorod National University, 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine"},{"name":"Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic University of Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, November 21). 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