{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:54:02Z","timestamp":1766159642326,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":237,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05064\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05064\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The availability of agricultural land is central to stimulating reserves in sustainable food and crop production amidst accelerating economic sustainability and growth. Therefore, this article aims to investigate the influence of agricultural land (AGL) on food production (FP) and crop production (CP) with the linkage of environmental sustainability (ES) as a moderator from 1990 to 2021 for the economy of China with the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing estimation model. Our findings showed that the ARDL model estimates the long-term and short-term joint matching relationships between agricultural land and the independent variables in the model, which is a statistically significant outcome. Therefore, in the long term, the food and crop production adjustment for speed to steadiness was huge as it was projected at 1.337%, 53.6%, 133.5%, and 37.4%, respectively, in all the models, which shows that the adjustment for speed of models is a good post-shock association process. We found evidence for a significant and positive relationship between agricultural land and food and crop production in ordinary least square (OLS) estimation, which also ensured the outcomes of the primary model. Furthermore, Toda\u2013Yamamoto Granger causality test estimation found reverse causality between food production (FP) and crop production (CP) and showed evidence of the conservation hypothesis. We found bidirectional causality between food production and agricultural land and between crop production and agricultural land, which shows evidence of the feedback hypothesis. Additionally, the empirical findings of a robustness check with fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) techniques showed consistency with the investigations of ARDL estimation in the long run, ensuring the validity and strength of the primary outcomes. Overall, the present paper brings fresh knowledge about agricultural land use, and food and crop production to promote environmental sustainability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su17051980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T12:01:17Z","timestamp":1740484877000},"page":"1980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Agricultural Land, Sustainable Food and Crop Productivity: An Empirical Analysis on Environmental Sustainability as a Moderator from the Economy of China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fahmida","family":"Laghari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Accounting, Xijing University, 1 Xijing Road, Chang\u2019an District, Xi\u2019an 710123, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1147-8347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhan","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Management Sciences, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Babar","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Administration, Greenwich University, Karachi 75500, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1951-889X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Jorge","family":"Silveira Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economic and Organizational Sciences, Portalegre Polytechnic University, Pra\u00e7a do Munic\u00edpio, 11, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal"},{"name":"VALORIZA\u2014Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2017.12.003","article-title":"Soil ecosystem services, sustainability, valuation, and management","volume":"5","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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