{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:29:29Z","timestamp":1776724169969,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"INTERREG SUDOE Program","award":["SOE4\/P5\/E1089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SOE4\/P5\/E1089"]}]},{"name":"INTERREG SUDOE Program","award":["2023.06946.CEECIND\/CP2840\/CT0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.06946.CEECIND\/CP2840\/CT0013"]}]},{"name":"INTERREG SUDOE Program","award":["IN845A-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN845A-2"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["SOE4\/P5\/E1089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SOE4\/P5\/E1089"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["2023.06946.CEECIND\/CP2840\/CT0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.06946.CEECIND\/CP2840\/CT0013"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["IN845A-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN845A-2"]}]},{"name":"CESAM (UID Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar (CESAM) + LA\/P\/0094\/2020)","award":["SOE4\/P5\/E1089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SOE4\/P5\/E1089"]}]},{"name":"CESAM (UID Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar (CESAM) + LA\/P\/0094\/2020)","award":["2023.06946.CEECIND\/CP2840\/CT0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.06946.CEECIND\/CP2840\/CT0013"]}]},{"name":"CESAM (UID Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar (CESAM) + LA\/P\/0094\/2020)","award":["IN845A-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN845A-2"]}]},{"name":"Galician Water Research Foundation (Cetaqua Galicia)","award":["SOE4\/P5\/E1089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SOE4\/P5\/E1089"]}]},{"name":"Galician Water Research Foundation (Cetaqua Galicia)","award":["2023.06946.CEECIND\/CP2840\/CT0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.06946.CEECIND\/CP2840\/CT0013"]}]},{"name":"Galician Water Research Foundation (Cetaqua Galicia)","award":["IN845A-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN845A-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Travel and tourism are essential to global economies, generating social, economic, and environmental impacts. However, there is a lack of standardized methodologies to assess the environmental footprint of tourist destinations beyond carbon footprint analysis. This study introduces the Greentour tool, the first of its kind to evaluate the environmental impact of accommodation, restaurants, and tourism activities using nine environmental indicators from a life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective. The tool applies a hybrid bottom-up and top-down approach, integrating data from tourist establishments and destination managers. The tool was tested in four tourist destinations in Spain and Portugal (R\u00edas Baixas, Camino Lebaniego, Lloret de Mar, and Guimar\u00e3es), revealing that transportation is the primary contributor to environmental impacts, ranging from 60% to 96% of total emissions, particularly in air-travel-dependent destinations. Food and beverage services are the second-largest contributor, accounting for up to 26% of emissions, while accommodation ranks third (1\u201314%). This study highlights the significant role of electricity consumption and food choices (e.g., red meat and dairy) in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, emphasizing the need for sustainable alternatives. Despite challenges in data collection, particularly for food and transport statistics, the Greentour tool has demonstrated robustness and adaptability across diverse destinations, making it applicable worldwide. This tool provides key insights for policymakers, tourism stakeholders, and businesses, supporting the integration of sustainability strategies into public policies and industry best practices. Future research should focus on expanding its use to additional destinations to foster science-based decision-making and promote more sustainable tourism practices globally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su17083476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T04:42:07Z","timestamp":1744605727000},"page":"3476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tool for Greener Tourism: Evaluating Environmental Impacts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Herrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8881-3564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnergyLab, Campus Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0924-5034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Quinteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6625-384X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Villanueva-Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnergyLab, Campus Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"Galician Water Research Center Foundation (Cetaqua Galicia), AquaHub\u2014A Vila da Auga, 15890 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio da Paisagem, Rua da Ponte Romana, Creixomil, 4835-095 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8026-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaume","family":"Albert\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Bala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0013-5098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pere","family":"Fullana-i-Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Margalida","family":"Puig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Lela","family":"Mel\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4425-8498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilija","family":"Sazdovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6366-4678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnergyLab, Campus Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5975-0883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merc\u00e8","family":"Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"UPF Barcelona School of Management, 08008 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Xifr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"UPF Barcelona School of Management, 08008 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"IQS School of Management, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4442-6786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jara","family":"Laso Cortabitarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Margallo Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6216-7031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Aldaco Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166242","article-title":"Life cycle assessment to address the environmental impacts of tourism in a Spanish tourist destination: The case of Rias Baixas (Galicia) 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