{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:21:37Z","timestamp":1760059297191,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundo Regional da Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FRCT\u2014A\u00e7ores), Regional Government of Azores, Program PRO-SCIENTIA","award":["M3.1.a\/F\/011\/2021","UIDB\/50027\/2020","UID\/50027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M3.1.a\/F\/011\/2021","UIDB\/50027\/2020","UID\/50027"]}]},{"name":"FCT, I.P., the Portuguese national funding agency for science, research, and technology","award":["M3.1.a\/F\/011\/2021","UIDB\/50027\/2020","UID\/50027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M3.1.a\/F\/011\/2021","UIDB\/50027\/2020","UID\/50027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tourism significantly contributes to the economic growth of countries, especially in insular areas such as Small Islands Developing States (SIDSs) or the outmost regions of Europe. If managed properly, ecotourism offers a sustainable alternative by promoting nature conservation while benefiting local communities. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology to assess the existing conditions in marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Macaronesian archipelagos for the development of ecotourism activities. To achieve this, the methodology of the Mediterranean Experience of Ecotourism (MEET) was adapted to the unique environmental, social, and economic context of the region. A set of indicators was developed and refined through expert evaluation and the results revealed a strong level of satisfaction with the indicators created. This approach contributes to the sustainable management of MPAs by providing a practical tool to evaluate their potential for ecotourism development. The refined indicators can assist policymakers, MPA managers, and stakeholders in designing sustainable ecotourism products that align with conservation goals, ensuring long-term ecological and economic benefits for the Macaronesian region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su17115190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T03:58:52Z","timestamp":1749095932000},"page":"5190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing Ecotourism Opportunities in Macaronesian Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): An Adapted MEET Indicator-Based Methodology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4891-6451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Casimiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, P\u00f3lo dos A\u00e7ores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, S\u00e3o Miguel, A\u00e7ores, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, Rua M\u00e3e de Deus, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marina Diaz","family":"Escudero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, P\u00f3lo dos A\u00e7ores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, S\u00e3o Miguel, A\u00e7ores, Portugal"},{"name":"Facultat de Ci\u00e8ncies Biol\u00f2giques, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8941-8611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 \u00c2ngelo","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Research Centre, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre of the Institute for Political Studies, Catholic University, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3735-6655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Anuncia\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, P\u00f3lo dos A\u00e7ores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, S\u00e3o Miguel, A\u00e7ores, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, Rua M\u00e3e de Deus, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2007.02.013","article-title":"Tourism development and economic growth: A closer look at panels","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tour. 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