{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:35:54Z","timestamp":1777422954844,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PRR\u2014Plano de Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o e Resili\u00eancia","award":["C645112083-00000059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C645112083-00000059"]}]},{"name":"PRR\u2014Plano de Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o e Resili\u00eancia","award":["UID Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar (CESAM) + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar (CESAM) + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PRR\u2014Plano de Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o e Resili\u00eancia","award":["UIDB\/04058\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04058\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PRR\u2014Plano de Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o e Resili\u00eancia","award":["UIDP\/04058\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04058\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PRR\u2014Plano de Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o e Resili\u00eancia","award":["951389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["951389"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["C645112083-00000059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C645112083-00000059"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UID Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar (CESAM) + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar (CESAM) + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/04058\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04058\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/04058\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04058\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["951389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["951389"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies","award":["C645112083-00000059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C645112083-00000059"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies","award":["UID Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar (CESAM) + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar (CESAM) + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies","award":["UIDB\/04058\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04058\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies","award":["UIDP\/04058\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04058\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies","award":["951389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["951389"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["C645112083-00000059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C645112083-00000059"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["UID Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar (CESAM) + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar (CESAM) + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["UIDB\/04058\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04058\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["UIDP\/04058\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04058\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["951389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["951389"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Digital Shipping Corridors (DSCs) are gaining traction as integrated models for increasing transparency, efficiency, and sustainability in maritime logistics. Yet, the enabling conditions for their effective implementation remain insufficiently explored. This study employs a qualitative thematic review approach, analyzing the academic literature, global policy documents, and selected case studies to identify and synthesize the critical success factors for DSC development. The analysis reveals seven interdependent factors: technological infrastructure, economic feasibility, regulatory frameworks, logistical efficiency, logistical security, stakeholder collaboration, and environmental sustainability. These factors are not independent but interact dynamically, requiring coordinated development across technical, institutional, and environmental domains. This study proposes a dynamic interaction framework that illustrates how progress in one area (e.g., digital infrastructure) depends on readiness in others (e.g., governance and cross-sector collaboration). The outcomes contribute both conceptually and practically. The framework offers a system-level understanding of DSC implementation and identifies key leverage points for intervention. The findings provide strategic guidance for policymakers, port authorities, and supply chain stakeholders pursuing digitally enabled sustainable maritime corridors. This study also highlights areas for future empirical validation, particularly in relation to governance integration and cross-border alignment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su17125537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T09:51:22Z","timestamp":1750067482000},"page":"5537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["An Overview of Critical Success Factors for Digital Shipping Corridors: A Roadmap for Maritime Logistics Modernization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Seyedeh Azadeh","family":"Alavi-Borazjani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alberto Antonio","family":"Bengue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Port of Luanda, Luanda P.O. Box 1224-C1, Angola"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1174-3216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Chkoniya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aveiro Institute of Accounting and Administration (ISCA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies (GOVCOPP), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3542-675X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Noman","family":"Shafique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies (GOVCOPP), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"300","article-title":"Transformation in Maritime Supply Chains: Innovative Strategies for Disruption Management","volume":"16","author":"Tabaklar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Marit. Fac. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5016","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2023.2282751","article-title":"An Analysis of Blockchain versus Relational Databases for Digitalising Information Flows in Global Supply Chains Using the Analytic Network Process","volume":"62","author":"Wolf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0053.4105","article-title":"Documents Flow Digitization in the Supply Chains","volume":"135","author":"Lewczuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"WUT J. Transp. Eng."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alavi-Borazjani, S.A., Adeel, S., and Chkoniya, V. (2025). Hydrogen as a Sustainable Fuel: Transforming Maritime Logistics. Energies, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/en18051231"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s44312-023-00001-2","article-title":"A Review on Carbon Emissions of Global Shipping","volume":"1","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Dev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.2009.77","article-title":"Reducing Fuel Emissions by Optimizing Speed on Shipping Routes","volume":"61","author":"Fagerholt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Oper. Res. Soc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cacciari, M., and Singhal, R. How Can Digital Technologies Help Companies Overcome the Decarbonization Challenges? In Proceedings of the ADIPEC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 31 October 2022.","DOI":"10.2118\/210980-MS"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.51594\/ijae.v6i4.1072","article-title":"Economic Theory and Practical Impacts of Digital Transformation in Supply Chain Optimization","volume":"6","author":"Adama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Econ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2023.104888","article-title":"The Impact of Corporate Digital Transformation on Labor Employment","volume":"60","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Financ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishna, I.M., Prabha, R., Shravani, M., Sri, A.S., Tejaswini, V., and Vyshnavi, T.S. (2024, January 15\u201316). A Business Strategy for Ensuring Trust and Transparency in Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain Based Data Security. Proceedings of the 2024 2nd International Conference on Disruptive Technologies (ICDT), Greater Noida, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDT61202.2024.10489627"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152873","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3458434","article-title":"Blockchain Technology for Enhanced Efficiency in Logistics Operations","volume":"12","author":"Ran","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pavlova, K.S., and Smolina, E.S. (2021). Digitalization of Tax and Customs Control of Foreign Trade Operations. Economic Systems in the New Era: Stable Systems in an Unstable World, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-60929-0_88"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5592","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2015.1037934","article-title":"Supply Chain Resilience: Definition, Review and Theoretical Foundations for Further Study","volume":"53","author":"Tukamuhabwa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2024.107465","article-title":"Resilience in Maritime Logistics: Theoretical Framework, Research Methodology, and Indicator System","volume":"259","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocean. Coast. Manag."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2023.109366","article-title":"Maritime Supply Chain Resilience: From Concept to Practice","volume":"182","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filipovi\u0107, M., Tijan, E., Aksentijevi\u0107, S., and Filipovi\u0107, M. (2024, January 20\u201324). Blockchain for Secure and Transparent Maritime Supply Chains. Proceedings of the 2024 47th MIPRO ICT and Electronics Convention (MIPRO), Opatija, Croatia.","DOI":"10.1109\/MIPRO60963.2024.10569909"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133539","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3231689","article-title":"Blockchain-Based Traceability for Shipping Containers in Unimodal and Multimodal Logistics","volume":"10","author":"Elmay","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Priya, S., Sairam, A., Azath, H., Manivannan, S.K., Mohankumar, N., and Vedasundara Vinayagam, P. (2024, January 12\u201314). Smart Ports Solutions for Cargo Container Tracking and Vessel Traffic Counting Systems Using IoT and Cloud Computing. Proceedings of the 2024 10th International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP), Melmaruvathur, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSP60870.2024.10544127"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.14710\/kapal.v21i1.58868","article-title":"The Necessity of Implementing AI for Enhancing Safety in the Indonesian Passenger Shipping Fleet","volume":"21","author":"Rahadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kapal J. Ilmu Pengetah. Dan Teknol. Kelaut."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golgota, A., and \u00c7erma, U. (2024, January 11\u201314). Securing Durres Port\u2019s Digital Transformation: Cybersecurity Strategy for Maritime Industry. Proceedings of the 2024 13th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO), Budva, Montenegro.","DOI":"10.1109\/MECO62516.2024.10577771"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakita, B.M., Helgheim, B.I., and Br\u00e5then, S. (2024). The Principal-Agent Theoretical Ramifications on Digital Transformation of Ports in Emerging Economies. Logistics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/logistics8020051"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2024.123335","article-title":"Unpacking Digital Transformation: Identifying Key Enablers, Transition Stages and Digital Archetypes","volume":"203","author":"Gillani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1108\/09600039710188594","article-title":"Resource-based Theory and Strategic Logistics Research","volume":"27","author":"Olavarrieta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Artemenko, E., and Benchabane, M.L. (2020, January 18\u201319). Digital Transformation of an Institutional Environment. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference\u2014Digital Transformation on Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Service, New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3446434.3446479"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hallion, R.P. (2021). The History of Air Transportation. International Encyclopedia of Transportation, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-102671-7.10425-7"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaukiainen, Y. (2012). The Advantages of Water Carriage: Scale Economies and Shipping Technology, c. 1870\u20132000. The World\u2019s Key Industry, Palgrave Macmillan UK.","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137003751_5"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedman, W.A. (2020). Modern Companies, 1910\u20131930. American Business History: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/actrade\/9780190622473.003.0007"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"25","article-title":"History of the Second Industrial Revolution. Scientific Research of Faculty of Economics","volume":"14","author":"Khudokormov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Res. Fac. Econom. Electron. J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1109\/MIE.2020.3028058","article-title":"A 70-Year Industrial Electronics Society Evolution Through Industrial Revolutions: The Rise and Flourishing of Information and Communication Technologies","volume":"15","author":"Colombo","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Cudahy, B.J. (2006). The Containership Revolution: Malcom McLean\u2019s 1956 Innovation Goes Global, Transportation Research Board. TR News."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/084387140902100204","article-title":"The Container Revolution and Liner Freights","volume":"21","author":"Kaukiainen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Marit. Hist."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.34659\/eis.2024.90.3.780","article-title":"Determinants and Trends of Logistics Paradigms in Industrial Revolutions","volume":"90","author":"Bielecki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Econ. Environ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.33108\/galicianvisnyk_tntu2024.06.040","article-title":"Logistics in the Context of Digital Transformation","volume":"91","author":"Tsikh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Galician Econ. J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.36096\/ijbes.v6i4.539","article-title":"Human-Centric Technologies in Sustainable Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Review of the Evolution from Industry 4.0 to 5.0","volume":"6","author":"Samuels","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Bus. Ecosyst. Strategy (2687-2293)"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7749","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2023.2246783","article-title":"Human-Centric Production and Logistics System Design and Management: Transitioning from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0","volume":"61","author":"Grosse","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43889","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3374194","article-title":"Enabling Technologies to Support Supply Chain Logistics 5.0","volume":"12","author":"Andres","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szeredi, V.V., Trenka, Z.J., and Pogatsnik, M. (2024, January 23\u201325). Smart Logistics and Sustainability in Logistics 5.0. Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Symposium on Logistics and Industrial Informatics, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.","DOI":"10.1109\/LINDI63813.2024.10820412"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1108\/EJIM-07-2024-0787","article-title":"Green Logistics 5.0: A Review of Sustainability-Oriented Innovation with Foundation Models in Logistics","volume":"27","author":"Nicoletti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Innov. Manag."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heilig, L., Schwarze, S., and Voss, S. (2017, January 4\u20137). An Analysis of Digital Transformation in the History and Future of Modern Ports. Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System, Waikoloa Village, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2017.160"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Quitzau, J., Tontara, N., V\u00f6pel, H., Jahn, M., Otto, A., and Wolf, A. (2018). Shipping in an Era of Digital Transformation, Berenberg Bank und Hamburgisches WeltWirtschaftsInstitut (HWWI). Strategy 2030\u2014Capital and Life in the Next Generation."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2022.103811","article-title":"Digital Transformation of Maritime Logistics: Exploring Trends in the Liner Shipping Segment","volume":"145","author":"Raza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"MSC (2025). The MSC Group, MSC."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2025, May 22). MaritimEducation MSC Reaches 900 Ships in Its Fleet. Available online: https:\/\/maritimeducation.com\/about-us\/."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"(2025, March 23). DigitalDefynd Team 5 Digital Transformation in Shipping Case Studies. Available online: https:\/\/digitaldefynd.com\/IQ\/digital-transformation-in-shipping-case-studies\/."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becha, H., Schr\u00f6der, M., Voorspuij, J., Frazier, T., and Lind, M. (2021). Global Data Exchange Standards: The Basis for Future Smart Container Digital Services. Maritime Informatics, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50892-0_18"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"(2025, May 22). A.P. Moller\u2014Maersk Maersk at a Glance. Available online: https:\/\/www.maersk.com\/about."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iversen, M.J., and Buhl, J. (2020). Maersk: Steering Clear of the Commodity Trap. Danish Shipping in the 21st Century, Palgrave Macmillan.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-43324-6"},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Greve, M. (2007). Container Shipping and Economic Development: A Case Study of A.P. Moller\u2014Maersk in South East Asia, Copenhagen Business School Press."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sornn-Friese, H. (2019). \u2018Containerization in Globalization\u2019: A Case Study of How Maersk Line Became a Transnational Company. Shipping and Globalization in the Post-War Era: Contexts, Companies, Connections, Palgrave Macmillan.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-26002-6_5"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2023.01.354","article-title":"Blockchain in the Shipping Industry: A Proposal for the Use of Blockchain for SMEs in the Maritime Industry","volume":"219","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Rukanova, B., and Tan, Y.-H. (2019, January 18\u201320). Digital Trade Infrastructures and Big Data Analytics: The Concept of Value as a Linking Pin. Proceedings of the 6th Innovation in Information Infrastructures (III) Workshop, Surrey, UK."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozturk, O. (2024). The Impact of AI on International Trade: Opportunities and Challenges. Economies, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/economies12110298"},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"CMA CGM (2025, May 22). BETTER WAYS, Making Supply Chains More Sustainable Every Day. Available online: https:\/\/www.cma-cgm.com\/about\/the-group."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"CEVA Logistics (2025, May 22). The CMA CGM Group Unveils Its Corporate Purpose. Available online: https:\/\/www.cevalogistics.com\/en\/news-and-media\/newsroom\/press-release\/cma-cgm-group-unveils-corporate-purpose."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"100868","article-title":"Logistics Integration Strategies in Container Shipping: A Multiple Case-Study on Maersk Line, MSC and CMA CGM","volume":"45","author":"Paridaens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Transp. Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Hapag-Lloyd (2025). Investor Report, Hapag-Lloyd."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Hapag-Lloyd (2025, May 22). About Hapag-Lloyd. Available online: https:\/\/www.hapag-lloyd.com\/en\/company\/ir\/company\/factsheet.html."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Hapag-Lloyd (2025, May 22). Hapag-Lloyd with Good Start to the Year, Market Environment Remains Highly Volatile. Available online: https:\/\/www.hapag-lloyd.com\/en\/company\/press\/releases\/2025\/05\/hapag-lloyd-with-good-start-to-the-year.html."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Hapag-Lloyd (2025, March 23). Setting Sail for the Future: Hapag-Lloyd Unveils Its New Strategy 2030. Available online: https:\/\/www.hapag-lloyd.com\/en\/company\/press\/releases\/2024\/04\/setting-sail-for-the-future--hapag-lloyd-unveils-its-new-strateg.html."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Alfa Global Family (2025, March 23). Hapag-Lloyd to Equip Entire Container Fleet with Real-Time Tracking Devices. Available online: https:\/\/www.alfa-global-family.com\/hapag-lloyd-to-equip-entire-container-fleet-with-real-time-tracking-devices\/."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gruner, J. (2021). Digital Transformation in Shipping: The Hapag-Lloyd Story. B2B Marketing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-31651-8_24"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15210","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-11639-6","article-title":"Numerical Analysis of Economic and Environmental Benefits of Marine Fuel Conversion from Diesel Oil to Natural Gas for Container Ships","volume":"28","author":"Elkafas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"NYK Group (2024). Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha NYK Report 2024, NYK Group."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012013","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1357\/1\/012013","article-title":"NYK\u2019s Approach for Autonomous Navigation\u2014Structure of Action Planning System and Demonstration Experiments","volume":"1357","author":"Kutsuna","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Orca, A.I. (2025, May 20). NYK Upgrades Its Fleet with Orca AI Technology to Enhance Navigation Safety and Operational Efficiency. Available online: https:\/\/www.orca-ai.io\/resource\/nyk-upgrades-its-fleet-with-orca-ai-technology-to-enhance-navigation-safety-and-operational-efficiency\/."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Asteria, I.R. (2025, March 23). Major Shipping Company NYK Line Adopts ASTERIA Warp to Build Platform for Integrating Data from Internal Systems without Coding, Reducing Development Person-Hours to One-Sixth. Available online: https:\/\/en.asteria.com\/news\/202307116197\/."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirata, E., Watanabe, D., and Lambrou, M. (2022). Shipping Digitalization and Automation for the Smart Port. Supply Chain\u2014Recent Advances and New Perspectives in the Industry 4.0 Era, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.102015"},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"ShipDC (2025, May 20). NYK to Expand the Number of Ships Sharing Data via ShipDC\u2019s IoS-OP. Available online: https:\/\/www.shipdatacenter.com\/en\/news\/20201217."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"NYK Group (2025, March 23). NYK Selected as a Digital Transformation Stock for 2024. Available online: https:\/\/www.nyk.com\/english\/news\/2024\/20240528_01.html."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"(2025, May 23). LeadIQ YILPORT Holding Inc. Available online: https:\/\/leadiq.com\/c\/yilport-holding-inc\/5a1d8a7c2400002400640154."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Y\u0131lport Holding Inc. (2025, March 23). Maersk Blockchain Tradelens Program Is Now Active on YILPORT. Available online: https:\/\/www.yilport.com\/en\/media\/detail\/Maersk-Blockchain-Tradelens-Program-is-Now-Active-on-YILPORT\/55\/2078\/0."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.17705\/2msqe.00018","article-title":"How TradeLens Delivers Business Value with Blockchain Technology","volume":"18","author":"Jensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"MIS Q. Exec."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.33175\/mtr.2020.227028","article-title":"A \u201cNet-Centric\u201d Conduct of Navigation and Ship Management","volume":"2","author":"Dalaklis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Marit. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/03088839.2023.2196754","article-title":"Special Issue on \u201cSmart Port and Shipping Operations\u201d in Maritime Policy & Management","volume":"50","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"Marit. Policy Manag."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"1","article-title":"Investigation of Solutions for Interoperability between Intermodal Transport Terminals","volume":"12","year":"2020","journal-title":"Moksl.\u2014Liet. Ateitis"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.01.042","article-title":"Using IoT Data and Applications to Improve Port-Based Intermodal Supply Chains","volume":"139","author":"Onieva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acciaro, M., Renken, K., and El Khadiri, N. (2020). Technological Change and Logistics Development in European Ports. European Port Cities in Transition. Strategies for Sustainability, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36464-9_5"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.12958\/1817-3772-2020-3(61)-146-153","article-title":"Implementation of Intellectual Logistics Technologies into the Infrastructure Complex of Sea Transport","volume":"3","author":"Gurenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Econ. Her. Donbas"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Idrissi, A., Haidine, A., Aqqal, A., and Dahbi, A. (2022, January 18\u201320). Deployment Strategies of Mobile Networks for Internet-of-Things in Smart Maritime Ports. Proceedings of the 2022 11th International Symposium on Signal, Image, Video and Communications (ISIVC), El Jadida, Morocco.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIVC54825.2022.9800728"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2018.11.006","article-title":"A Systematic Literature Review of Blockchain-Based Applications: Current Status, Classification and Open Issues","volume":"36","author":"Casino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Telemat. Inform."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"17","article-title":"Economic Decision Making Peculiarities in Transport Complexes Integration Processes","volume":"76","author":"Kuzmenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Manag. Entrep. Methods Transp. (ONMU)"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banerjee, P. (2017). Development of East Coast Economic Corridor and Vizag-Chennai Industrial Corridor, ADB.","DOI":"10.22617\/WPS178645-2"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.31686\/ijier.vol9.iss11.3464","article-title":"Uncertanties and Risk Analysis on Ports Construction Projects Considering Technological and Market Strategic Factors","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"Gottschalk, R. (2020). Financing Regional Digital Infrastructures in the South: Development Banks, Funds and Other Policy Options, UNCTAD."},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"77","article-title":"Public\u2013Private Partnership in Developing Countries: Seeking Available Domestic Financing Options","volume":"7","author":"Mwakapala","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Econ. Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.22394\/2073-2929-2023-02-71-81","article-title":"Diversification of Transport Links in the \u201cAsia\u2014Europe\u201d Container Shipping Traffic","volume":"17","author":"Shcherbinin","year":"2023","journal-title":"EURASIAN INTEGRATION Econ. Law Politics"},{"key":"ref_87","unstructured":"Monios, J., Notteboom, T., Wilmsmeier, G., and Rodrigue, J.-P. (2016). Competition and Complementarity Between Seaports and Hinterlands for Locating Distribution Activities, PortEconomics."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aerts, G., and Mathys, G. (2024). Discovering Trends in the Digitalization of Shipping: An Exploratory Study into Trends Using Natural Language Processing. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse12040618"},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"1","article-title":"Heterogeneous Effects of Public Investments in the Rio Grande Naval Complex (Brazil): An Analysis of Local Employment for the Period from 2007 to 2017","volume":"25","author":"Leal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Espa\u00e7o Econ."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.54690\/issrap.v16i1.164","article-title":"Modernising Pakistan\u2019s Shipping Regulations and Trade Facilitation Authorities under Convention on the Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic 1965","volume":"16","author":"Anwer","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISSRA Pap."},{"key":"ref_91","unstructured":"Kumar, U., and Shepherd, B. (2019). Implementing the Trade Facilitation Agreement: From Global Impacts to Value Chains No. 67, ADB. About South Asia."},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"265","article-title":"Reducing Wait Times at Customs to Boost Trade: How Implementing the Trade Facilitation Agreement Can Expand Trade among AfCFTA Countries?","volume":"34","author":"Sorgho","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Afr. Econ."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Y. (2023). China\u2019s Shipping Market Supervision System under TheRCEP: Influence, Challenges and Countermeasures. Front. Mar. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1155452"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yungratog, S., Goerlandt, F., Punurai, W., and Thammaboosadee, S. (2022, January 7\u201310). A Conceptual Framework for Assessing Risks for Data Protection Impact Assessment Process in Maritime Industries. Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEM55944.2022.9989595"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.62012\/collaborate.v2i1.53","article-title":"Integration of Technology and Regulations for Safe and Efficient Marine Logistics","volume":"2","author":"Palippui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Collab. Eng. Dly. Book Ser."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2015.06.011","article-title":"Orchestrating Transnational Environmental Governance in Maritime Shipping","volume":"34","author":"Lister","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Change"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bui, K.Q., and Perera, L.P. (2020, January 3\u20137). A Decision Support Framework for Cost-Effective and Energy-Efficient Shipping. Proceedings of the ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, Virtual.","DOI":"10.1115\/OMAE2020-18368"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clscn.2021.100021","article-title":"Ports\u2019 Role in Shipping Decarbonisation: A Common Port Incentive Scheme for Shipping Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction","volume":"3","author":"Alamoush","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clean. Logist. Supply Chain"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.54648\/GTCJ2022014","article-title":"Meeting the Challenges of Customs Compliance in a Post TFTEA and Reinvigorated Trade Enforcement Environment: Go Beyond by Returning to Basics","volume":"17","author":"Bell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob. Trade Cust. J."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veenstra, A.W. (2019). International Trade, Global Supply Chains and Compliance. Operations, Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92447-2_7"},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"127","article-title":"\u2018Nudging\u2019 Voluntary Compliance in Border Customs","volume":"4","author":"Yong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bord. Glob. Rev."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Usynin, M. (2020). Sailing in All Winds: Extraterritorial Regulation as a Trigger for Self-Regulatory Practices in Shipping Industry. SSRN Electron. J., 1\u201331.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3737663"},{"key":"ref_103","unstructured":"Fedorenko, R., and Pokrovskaya, O. (June, January 27). East-West Transport Corridor: Issues of Customs and Logistics Infrastructure Development. Proceedings of the International Session on Factors of Regional Extensive Development (FRED 2019), Irkutsk, Russia."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelevic, D., Draskovic, M., and Krivokapic, R. (2022, January 26\u201327). Implementation of Modern Information Solution for Greater Efficiency of Intermodal Transport through Port of Bar Case Study NAVIS. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Advances in Traffic and Communication Technologies (ATCT 2022), Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.","DOI":"10.59478\/ATCT.2022.3"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehmacher, W. (2021). Digitizing and Automating Processes in Logistics. Disrupting Logistics: Startups, Technologies, and Investors Building Future Supply Chains, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-61093-7_2"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karunasena, C., Widyalankara, R., Sedrick, P., Disanayaka, S.M., Perera, H., and Medagama, P. (2022, January 21\u201324). Optimization of Digital Transformation in Shipping. Proceedings of the OCEANS 2022\u2014Chennai, Chennai, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANSChennai45887.2022.9775264"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1680\/jinam.23.00050","article-title":"Automation and Digitalisation of Transport Forwarding Services or Logistics","volume":"11","author":"Gizetdinov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infrastruct. Asset Manag."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"050008","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0064326","article-title":"Methods of Efficiency Evaluation of Transport and Logistics Services within the Logistics Systems of International Transport Corridors Framework","volume":"2389","author":"Zamaraeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"126","article-title":"Substantiation of Solutions in the Field of Digitalization of Container Services of the Oktyabrskaya Railway","volume":"8","author":"Chechenova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mod. Transp. Syst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajsl.2021.01.001","article-title":"Effects of Port-Shipping Logistics Integration on Technical and Allocative Efficiency","volume":"37","author":"Tongzon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J. Shipp. Logist."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perera, L.P., and Czachorowski, K. (2019, January 17\u201320). Decentralized System Intelligence in Data Driven Networks for Shipping Industrial Applications: Digital Models to Blockchain Technologies. Proceedings of the OCEANS 2019\u2014Marseille, Marseille, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANSE.2019.8867045"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S. (2021, January 19\u201321). Research on International Shipping Logistics Based on Big Data Exchange System. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Analysis (ICCPA 2021), Guangzhou, China.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2626643"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mekala, V., Abinaya, S., Abinivesh, M.R., and Surya, B.C. (2023, January 6\u20138). Cargo Monitoring and Tracking Based on IoT. Proceedings of the 2023 14th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), Delhi, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCNT56998.2023.10308117"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.26467\/2079-0619-2020-23-4-58-71","article-title":"Research Review on Improving the Efficiency of Multimodal Transportation Based on Technological Solutions","volume":"23","author":"Malyshev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Civ. Aviat. High Technol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.62754\/joe.v3i5.3932","article-title":"Enhancing Business Operations Efficiency Thorough Predictive Analytics","volume":"3","author":"Saleh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ecohumanism"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.53430\/ijeru.2024.7.1.0029","article-title":"Utilizing Predictive Analytics to Enhance Supply Chain Efficiency and Reduce Operational Costs","volume":"7","author":"Ibiyemi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Res. Updates"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sulova, S., Aleksandrova, Y., Stoyanova, M., and Radev, M. (2022, January 17\u201318). A Predictive Analytics Framework Using Machine Learning for the Logistics Industry. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies 2022, Ruse, Bulgaria.","DOI":"10.1145\/3546118.3546130"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"026","DOI":"10.53346\/wjast.2024.5.1.0030","article-title":"Securing the Digital Supply Chain: Cybersecurity Best Practices for Logistics and Shipping Companies","volume":"5","author":"Odimarha","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Adv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kavallieratos, G., and Katsikas, S. (2020). Managing Cyber Security Risks of the Cyber-Enabled Ship. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse8100768"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Junejo, A.K., Breza, M., and McCann, J.A. (2023). Threat Modeling for Communication Security of IoT-Enabled Digital Logistics. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23239500"},{"key":"ref_121","unstructured":"Brandt, T., Hutter, D., Maeder, C., and M\u00fcller, R. (2021, January 24\u201326). Towards a Secure and Reliable IT-Ecosystem in Seaports. Proceedings of the 29th Conference of the International Association of Maritime Economists, Rotterdam, The Netherlands."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morev, A.A. (2024). International Transport Corridors of Current Times. Lizing (Leasing), 10\u201313.","DOI":"10.33920\/VNE-3-2405-02"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.04.001","article-title":"An Intelligent Model for Logistics Management Based on Geofencing Algorithms and RFID Technology","volume":"42","author":"Oliveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.116030","article-title":"A Blockchain-Based Approach to Smart Cargo Transportation Using UHF RFID","volume":"188","author":"Baygin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_125","unstructured":"Zhou, J., and Sheng, J. (2022, January 23\u201325). Research on the Importance of Maritime Energy Shipping Corridors of China Based on Ship Operation Data. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Traffic Engineering and Transportation System (ICTETS 2022), Guangzhou, China."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronczka, J. (2018, January 18\u201320). System Engineering and Logistical UAS Corridors: Challenge the Present to Drive the Future. Proceedings of the 2018 26th International Conference on Systems Engineering (ICSEng), Sydney, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSENG.2018.8638249"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.37791\/1993-7598-2020-14-3-89-105","article-title":"Interaction with Stakeholders as a Factor in Increasing the Competitiveness of Trans-Eurasian Container Rail Freight Transportation along Transport Corridors from the Far East to the Western Border of the Russian Federation: Results of an Empirical Study","volume":"14","author":"Linder","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mod. Compet."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.05.013","article-title":"Collaborative Shipping under Different Cost-Sharing Agreements","volume":"263","author":"Tinoco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_129","first-page":"106","article-title":"Transnational Cooperation along Core Network Corridors: The Role of Corridor Fora","volume":"Volume 12","author":"Scholl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spatial and Transport Infrastructure Development in Europe: Example of the Orient\/East-Med Corridor"},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"71","article-title":"The NEXUS Story and Its Stakeholder Analysis: Digitalising Multimodal Logistics and the Associated Value Chain Worldwide","volume":"19","author":"Marinho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Conf. Innov. Entrep."},{"key":"ref_131","unstructured":"Banomyong, R. (2018). Collaboration in Supply Chain Management: A Resilience Perspective, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), International Transport Forum. International Transport Forum Discussion Papers."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diaz, S., Al Hammadi, N., El Nasr, A.S., Villasuso, F., Prakash, S., Baobaid, O., Gracias, D., and Mills, R. (2023, January 2\u20135). Green Corridor: A Feasible Option for the UAE Decarbonization Pathway, Opportunities & Challenges. Proceedings of the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.","DOI":"10.2118\/216033-MS"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lind, M., Ward, R., Bergmann, M., Haraldson, S., Zerem, A., Hoffmann, J., and Eklund, E. (2021). Maritime Informatics for Increased Collaboration. Maritime Informatics, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50892-0_8"},{"key":"ref_134","first-page":"37","article-title":"Strategic Collaboration with Shipping Companies","volume":"5","author":"Natalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Inst. Sci. Technol. Educ. (IISTE)"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cullinane, K., and Cullinane, S. (2019). Policy on Reducing Shipping Emissions. Green Ports, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814054-3.00003-7"},{"key":"ref_136","unstructured":"IMO (2025, May 25). IMO Approves Net-Zero Regulations for Global Shipping. Available online: https:\/\/www.imo.org\/en\/MediaCentre\/PressBriefings\/pages\/IMO-approves-netzero-regulations.aspx."},{"key":"ref_137","unstructured":"IMO (2025, May 25). IMO\u2019s Work to Cut GHG Emissions from Ships. Available online: https:\/\/www.imo.org\/en\/MediaCentre\/HotTopics\/Pages\/Cutting-GHG-emissions.aspx."},{"key":"ref_138","unstructured":"European Commission (2025, May 25). Landmark Agreement Towards Achieving Net-Zero Emissions from Global Shipping by 2050. Available online: https:\/\/transport.ec.europa.eu\/news-events\/news\/landmark-agreement-towards-achieving-net-zero-emissions-global-shipping-2050-2025-04-11_en."},{"key":"ref_139","unstructured":"Baumgurtel, M., van der Merwe, A., Chau, M., John, A.S., and Parthiban, A. (2025, May 25). What the IMO\u2019s 2025 Reforms Mean for Global Shipping. Available online: https:\/\/hamiltonlocke.com.au\/what-the-imos-2025-reforms-mean-for-global-shipping\/."},{"key":"ref_140","first-page":"34","article-title":"Greening of the Maritime Transport Process","volume":"1","author":"Pozniak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Electron. Sci. J. Intellectualization Logist. Supply Chain. Manag. #1 2020"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Georgopoulou, C., Kakalis, N.M.P., Psaraftis, H.N.P., Recagno, V., Fozza, S., Zacharioudakis, P., and Eiband, A. (2014). Green Technologies and Smart ICT for Sustainable Freight Transport. Efficiency and Innovation in Logistics, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-01378-7_2"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Psaraftis, H.N., Minsaas, A., Panagakos, G., P\u00e5lsson, C., and Salanne, I. (2013). Green Corridors in European Surface Freight Logistics. Handbook of Global Logistics, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6132-7_9"},{"key":"ref_143","first-page":"59","article-title":"Sustainable Development of Logistics Clusters in Green Transport Corridors","volume":"4","author":"Prause","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Secur. Sustain. Issues"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filippopoulos, I., Christodoulidou, X., and Kiouvrekis, Y. (2024, January 28\u201329). How Can Shipping Companies Manage Environmentally Beneficial Operations in a Sustainable Way?. Proceedings of the 2024 ASU International Conference in Emerging Technologies for Sustainability and Intelligent Systems (ICETSIS), Manama, Bahrain.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICETSIS61505.2024.10459657"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen, H.H., Andersen, M.M., Dao, A., Lind, M., Pandey, V., Bapuji, G., Petersen, M., Hobson, B., Lehmacher, W., and Turos, A. (2021). Digitalisation in a Maritime Circular Economy. Maritime Informatics, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-72785-7_2"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.21622\/MARLOG.2023.12.663","article-title":"Use of the Geospatial Technologies and Its Implications in the Maritime Transport and Logistics","volume":"12","author":"Scarlat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Marit. Transp. Logist. J."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranganathan, C.S., Raman, R., Parikh, S., Rajesh, S., Meenakshi, R., and Muthulekshmi, M. (2023, January 15\u201317). IoT Applications in Marine Monitoring: Protecting Ocean Health and Biodiversity. Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Sustainable Communication Networks and Application (ICSCNA), Theni, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSCNA58489.2023.10370314"},{"key":"ref_148","unstructured":"Chalkias, K., Kostis, A., Alnuaimi, A., Knez, P., Naulty, J., Salmasi, A., Servatius, R., and Veloso, R. (2024). Preserving Nature\u2019s Ledger: Blockchains in Biodiversity Conservation. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komathy, K. (2020). Ballast Water Quality Compliance Monitoring Using IoT. Information and Communication Technology for Sustainable Development: Proceedings of ICT4SD 2018, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-7166-0_44"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2020.101248","article-title":"Industry 4.0 Integration with Socio-Technical Systems Theory: A Systematic Review and Proposed Theoretical Model","volume":"61","author":"Sony","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11612-023-00675-8","article-title":"A Theoretical Essay on Socio-Technical Systems Design Thinking in the Era of Digital Transformation","volume":"54","author":"Govers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. Z. Angew. Organ. (GIO)"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.18178\/ijtef.2018.9.6.623","article-title":"Assessing the Impact of WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement on Oman\u2019s Economy","volume":"9","author":"Akintola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Trade Econ. Financ."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.30574\/ijsra.2024.13.2.2419","article-title":"Advancing Sustainability and Efficiency in Maritime Operations: Integrating Green Technologies and Autonomous Systems in Global Shipping","volume":"13","author":"Mba","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.retrec.2012.11.004","article-title":"Environmental Innovation and the Role of Stakeholder Collaboration in West Coast Port Gateways","volume":"42","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. Transp. Econ."},{"key":"ref_155","unstructured":"Wu, J., and Haasis, H.-D. (2011, January 20\u201322). Knowledge-Based Stakeholder Collaboration for Sustainable Development of Freight Villages. Proceedings of the 2011 17th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising (ICE 2011), Aachen, Germany."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dapkus, R., and Jaison, J. (2024). Increasing the Manifestation of the Sustainable Development Principles in Logistics Organizations. Electron. Sci. J. Intellectualization Logist. Supply Chain. Manag. #1 2020, 27\u201336.","DOI":"10.46783\/smart-scm\/2024-27-3"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.59762\/sfr1220240710133308","article-title":"The Impact of the Development of Maritime Logistics on the Aqaba Port\u2019s Trade Movement and the Sustainability","volume":"1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Strateg. Financ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer18020041","article-title":"An Exploratory Study of the Critical Success Factors of the Global Shipping Industry in the Digital Era","volume":"18","author":"Brrar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13627","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2022.3201770","article-title":"Implementing Vital Dynamic Capabilities to Succeed in Digital Transformation: A Multiple-Case Study in Maritime Container Shipping","volume":"71","author":"Wohlleber","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.120879","article-title":"Digital Transformation in the Maritime Transport Sector","volume":"170","author":"Tijan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17645\/oas.9411","article-title":"Decarbonising Maritime Transport: The Role of Green Shipping Corridors in Making Sustainable Port-City Ecosystems","volume":"2","author":"Akhavan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ocean Soc."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, Z., Liu, Y., Gao, Y., Park, K.-S., and Su, M. (2024). Critical Success Factors for Green Port Transformation Using Digital Technology. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse12122128"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.102801","article-title":"Smart and Sustainable Logistics of Port Cities: A Framework for Comprehending Enabling Factors, Domains and Goals","volume":"69","author":"Ioppolo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2024.117201","article-title":"Integrating Ports into Green Shipping Corridors: Drivers, Challenges, and Pathways to Implementation","volume":"209","author":"Ismail","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2024.2405205","article-title":"New Framework of Port Logistics in the Post-COVID-19 Period with 6th-Generation Ports (6GP) Model","volume":"45","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transp. Rev."},{"key":"ref_166","first-page":"115","article-title":"Maturity of Digital Transformation in the Shipping Industry: Case Study among Enterprises in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries","volume":"20","author":"Thottoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kapal J. Ilmu Pengetah. Dan Teknol. Kelaut."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s41072-019-0052-7","article-title":"Shipping Digitalization Management: Conceptualization, Typology and Antecedents","volume":"4","author":"Lambrou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Shipp. Trade"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10799-017-0282-z","article-title":"Status Quo and Innovative Approaches for Maritime Logistics in the Age of Digitalization: A Guest Editors\u2019 Introduction","volume":"18","author":"Heilig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inf. Technol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_169","first-page":"1","article-title":"Leveraging Digital Resources: A Resource-Based View Perspective","volume":"5","author":"Willie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gold. Ratio Hum. Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.5267\/j.uscm.2024.5.026","article-title":"Understanding Sustainable Outcomes in the Digital Age: The Vital Role of Digital Leadership in Leveraging the Impact of Green Innovation","volume":"12","author":"Laradi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Uncertain Supply Chain Manag."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4337","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2017.1421787","article-title":"Supply Chain Risk and Resilience: Theory Building through Structured Experiments and Simulation","volume":"56","author":"Macdonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tdae009","DOI":"10.1093\/tse\/tdae009","article-title":"Resilience Analysis of Maritime Transportation Networks: A Systematic Review","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transp. Saf. Environ."}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/17\/12\/5537\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:52:49Z","timestamp":1760032369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/17\/12\/5537"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"references-count":172,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["su17125537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su17125537","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]}}}