{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T02:10:39Z","timestamp":1775182239658,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais\u2014Brazil","award":["PPGCTA\/50722280904\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPGCTA\/50722280904\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais\u2014Brazil","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais\u2014Brazil","award":["491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil","award":["PPGCTA\/50722280904\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPGCTA\/50722280904\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil","award":["491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais\u2014Brazil","award":["PPGCTA\/50722280904\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPGCTA\/50722280904\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais\u2014Brazil","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais\u2014Brazil","award":["491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review delves into environmentally conscious sustainable packaging materials, focusing on biodegradable polymers and innovative surface modification methodologies. Synthetic plastics have revolutionized various industries due to their physical attributes and affordability, particularly in packaging applications. Nonetheless, the substantial volume of plastic waste, especially from non-biodegradable sources, has provoked heightened environmental apprehensions. Notably, polymers derived from natural sources, such as cellulose, are classified as biopolymers and esteemed for their ecological benevolence. Among these, cellulose and its derivatives stand out as renewable and abundant substances, holding promise for sustainable packaging solutions. Nano-sized cellulose fibers\u2019 incorporation into biodegradable films garners interest due to their remarkable surface area, robust mechanical strength, and other commendable properties. Surface modification techniques, such as a polydopamine (PDA) coating, have been explored to improve the dispersion, interfacial compatibility, and mechanical performance of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) when incorporated into biodegradable polymer films. In this sense, PDA, derived from mussel proteins\u2019 dopamine component, displays exceptional adhesion to diverse surfaces and has been extensively scrutinized for its distinctive attributes. Therefore, the core focus of this review was to approach ecologically friendly packaging materials, specifically investigating the synergy between CNC and PDA. The unparalleled adhesive characteristics of PDA serve as a catalyst for enhancing CNC, thereby elevating the performance of biodegradable polymers with potential implications across various domains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su17125633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T06:11:07Z","timestamp":1750313467000},"page":"5633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals Using Polydopamine for the Modulation of Biodegradable Packaging, Polymeric Films: A Mini Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6279-9407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda L.","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Food Technology Department, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-000, MG, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8381-9780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor G. L.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8625-978X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meirielly","family":"Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Rua da Escola Industrial e Comercial Nun\u2019Alvares 34, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5687-7114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Rua da Escola Industrial e Comercial Nun\u2019Alvares 34, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5444-9530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taila V. de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Food Technology Department, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-000, MG, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Nilda de F. F.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Food Technology Department, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-000, MG, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2018). ASTM D883-18: Plastics (I). C1147\u2013D3159. Annual Book of the American Society for Testing and Materials Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141228","article-title":"Biodegradable Plastic Mulches: Impact on the Agricultural Biotic Environment","volume":"750","author":"Pelacho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"27","article-title":"Biodegradable Polymers and Green-Based Antimicrobial Packaging Materials: A Mini-Review","volume":"3","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Ind. Eng. Polym. 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