{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T16:01:56Z","timestamp":1765209716048,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u03c2\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["2022.13385.BDANA","UIDB\/00276\/2020","UIDB\/50009\/2025","UIDP\/50009\/2025","LA\/P\/0083\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.13385.BDANA","UIDB\/00276\/2020","UIDB\/50009\/2025","UIDP\/50009\/2025","LA\/P\/0083\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002924","name":"projects GreenBeef","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047050\/LISBOA-01-FEDER-047050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047050\/LISBOA-01-FEDER-047050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008948","name":"AVALON","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["COMPETE2030-FEDER-02288900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMPETE2030-FEDER-02288900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008948","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"CYTED, Red SISPEC","award":["125RT0167\u2014Linha 1 Agroalimentaci\u00f3n"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["125RT0167\u2014Linha 1 Agroalimentaci\u00f3n"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Using locally produced forage and agro-industrial by-products can reduce dependence on imported feed and competition for human food sources, while improving meat quality. However, the overall effect of this feeding strategy on global greenhouse gas emissions must be evaluated to provide a comprehensive assessment of sustainability. This study aimed to test whether replacing the conventional concentrate finishing diet with a total mixed ration (TMR) diet based on maize silage and brewer\u2019s spent grains (BSG) would improve meat quality without compromising productive performance, carcass composition, and the carbon footprint (CFp) of finishing beef cattle. Twenty crossbred young bulls were randomly distributed among 4 pens and randomly allocated to 2 treatments: Control\u2014a conventional diet based on commercial concentrate and wheat straw or TMR\u2014a maize silage-based diet with BSG, concentrate, and straw. Dry matter intake and average daily gain were 13% and 15%, respectively, lower in the TMR treatment than in the Control treatment. Daily methane emissions were 59% higher in the TMR treatment. However, life cycle assessment results revealed no differences in the CFp, and the beef from TMR treatment achieved higher meat quality. In conclusion, a maize silage-based diet offers a cost-effective alternative to conventional diets, with a lower environmental impact and improved beef quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su17188417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T12:33:32Z","timestamp":1758285212000},"page":"8417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of a Corn Silage-Based Finishing Diet on Growth, Carcass Composition, Meat Quality, Methane Emissions and Carbon Footprint of Crossbred Angus Young Bulls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9924-769X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana M.","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (AL4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Terraprima-Servi\u00e7os Ambientais, Centro de Neg\u00f3cios do Porto Alto, Avenida das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas, No. 97, 2135-199 Samora Correia, Portugal"},{"name":"MARETEC\u2014Marine, Environment and Technology Centre, Laboratory of Robotics and Engineering Systems (LARSyS), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2336-4709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Bernardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terraprima\u2014Sociedade Agr\u00edcola, Quinta da Fran\u00e7a, 6250-111 Caria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4223-3382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terraprima-Servi\u00e7os Ambientais, Centro de Neg\u00f3cios do Porto Alto, Avenida das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas, No. 97, 2135-199 Samora Correia, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8108-985X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivo","family":"Gama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terraprima-Servi\u00e7os Ambientais, Centro de Neg\u00f3cios do Porto Alto, Avenida das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas, No. 97, 2135-199 Samora Correia, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2763-2134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o M.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (AL4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria (INIAV), Polo de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Santar\u00e9m, 2005-424 Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9915-6264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo F. M.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARETEC\u2014Marine, Environment and Technology Centre, Laboratory of Robotics and Engineering Systems (LARSyS), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9171-0977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Santos-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (AL4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria (INIAV), Polo de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Santar\u00e9m, 2005-424 Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3171-9566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana P.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (AL4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6194-0405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Domingos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARETEC\u2014Marine, Environment and Technology Centre, Laboratory of Robotics and Engineering Systems (LARSyS), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2265-2048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecile","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherche pour L\u2019agriculture, L\u2019alimentation et L\u2019environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, F-63122 Saint-Gen\u00e8s-Champanelle, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1693-9042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo M.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terraprima-Servi\u00e7os Ambientais, Centro de Neg\u00f3cios do Porto Alto, Avenida das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas, No. 97, 2135-199 Samora Correia, Portugal"},{"name":"MARETEC\u2014Marine, Environment and Technology Centre, Laboratory of Robotics and Engineering Systems (LARSyS), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4109-3488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui J. B.","family":"Bessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (AL4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2023). 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