{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T07:40:28Z","timestamp":1776498028324,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Knowledge Foundation Mission 0 House","award":["20240105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240105"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2020.07638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.07638"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["CEECIND\/01014\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01014\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2021.00399.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.00399.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00102\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microplastic pollution represents a significant environmental challenge, as microplastics accumulate in effluents and soils, causing serious risks to ecosystems and human health. Efficient removal of these contaminants is essential to mitigate their potential adverse effects. This review summarizes and critically analyses current methods for the removal of microplastics from effluents and soils, focusing on their effectiveness, advantages, and limitations. Conventional techniques\u2014including filtration, flotation, chemical coagulation, flocculation, and adsorption\u2014are discussed in the context of wastewater treatment and soil remediation. Emerging approaches, such as flocculation processes with special focus on the application of bio-based flocculants, are also highlighted as promising solutions. Key challenges in microplastic removal, including the diversity of microplastic types, their small size, and the complexity of environmental matrices, are addressed. This work intends to contribute to the urgent need for further research to develop more efficient and sustainable strategies for microplastic removal from environmental systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su17209014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T11:39:34Z","timestamp":1760701174000},"page":"9014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Innovative Approaches to Mitigating Microplastic Pollution in Effluents and Soils"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Solange","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo II, R. S\u00edlvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Surface and Colloid Engineering, FSCN Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4447-5107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo II, R. 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