{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T09:37:53Z","timestamp":1776764273343,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Technology and Innovation\u2014ISQ","award":["03\/C05-i02\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03\/C05-i02\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The transition from linear to circular systems remains slow and fragmented, despite the increasing recognition of circular economy (CE) as a strategic pathway to sustainability. This review identifies and categorizes the main policy levers supporting the adoption of Circular Business Models (CBM) in an analytical framework comprising eight determinants: policy agenda, governance, regulation, standardization, economic incentives, information, cooperation, and digitalization. Based on a semi-systematic review of 95 scientific and grey literature sources, the study reveals persistent gaps in policy coherence, governance coordination, and support for high-circularity strategies. The proposed framework offers a practical tool for policymakers to assess existing policy landscapes, identify gaps, and design integrated policy mixes tailored to specific contexts. It also provides a foundation for future empirical research and benchmarking across jurisdictions. By highlighting the interplay between top-down and bottom-up initiatives, the study underscores the need for inclusive, stable, and digitally enabled policy environments to accelerate the circular transition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su17209090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T13:07:22Z","timestamp":1760706442000},"page":"9090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unpacking Policy Determinants for Circular Business Models: An Updated Comprehensive Review and an Actionable Analytical Framework"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5822-896X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Galv\u00e3o","family":"Ascen\u00e7o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CENSE\u2014Centre for Environmental and Sustainability Research, CHANGE\u2014Institute for Global Change and Sustainability, Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, NOVA School of Science & Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Research, Development & Innovation Division, Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, Taguspark, 2740-120 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2829-6475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Ferreira","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENSE\u2014Centre for Environmental and Sustainability Research, CHANGE\u2014Institute for Global Change and Sustainability, Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, NOVA School of Science & Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-022-01499-6","article-title":"Circular Economy Strategies for Combating Climate Change and Other Environmental Issues","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. 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