{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T05:19:32Z","timestamp":1762579172650,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UID\/CTM\/04540\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/CTM\/04540\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Developing new materials for human cartilage replacement is a hot research topic. These materials have multiple properties of interest, so selecting a new material (hydrogel) is a multi-attribute decision-making problem. A case study illustrates the application of a structured approach and tools to solve this problem type. Ten hydrogels, most of which are new formulations, were evaluated based on three attributes. The weights assigned to the attributes were identified using three methods from the literature, in addition to those previously assigned by an expert. Since the hydrogel properties showed some variability, Monte Carlo simulations were carried out using triangular distribution. Ten thousand decision matrices were built and 10,000 rankings were generated by each of the ten multicriteria decision-making methods employed in this study. Ranking similarity was evaluated through the PS index, whose values ensure consistency and reliability of the results achieved. Rank acceptability and pairwise indexes were used to identify the most promising hydrogels. Two hydrogels were identified as the most promising for further study, for any of the four sets of weights used. Both are annealed nanocellulose-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol and pyrrolidone hydrogels. The robustness of this result is supported on the values of acceptability and pairwise indexes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su17219905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T11:41:47Z","timestamp":1762515707000},"page":"9905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multicriteria Optimization of Nanocellulose-Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol and Pyrrolidone Hydrogels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6039-8143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, ESTSet\u00fabal, Campus do IPS, Estefanilha, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Qualidade de Vida, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Campus do IPS, 2910-765 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, ESTSet\u00fabal, Campus do IPS, Estefanilha, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Cabal\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, ESTSet\u00fabal, Campus do IPS, Estefanilha, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6188-2789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lio G.","family":"Figueiredo-Pina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, ESTSet\u00fabal, Campus do IPS, Estefanilha, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"CeFEMA, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s11625-018-0627-5","article-title":"Three pillars of sustainability: In search of conceptual origins","volume":"14","author":"Purvis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustain. 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