{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T10:15:33Z","timestamp":1771064133967,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ALiCE","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LEPABE","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LEPABE","award":["UIDP\/00511\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00511\/2025"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through COMPETE2020\u2014Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionali-za\u00e7\u00e3o"},{"name":"Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme"},{"name":"Project EDS@FEUP by the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Defining clear and coherent Sustainability Learning Outcomes (SustLOs) is the first step toward empowering engineers to create effective and sustainable solutions. Despite their importance, there is still a lack of consensus and clarity about what SustLOs are and what they should encompass. This study aims to identify, analyze and synthesize SustLOs in engineering education in order to provide a clear, structured and measurable framework. A literature review was conducted to understand which specific SustLOs are emphasized in engineering education. These outcomes were then grouped by similarity and aligned with three learning levels: \u201cKnow\u201d, \u201cKnow How\u201d and \u201cDoes\u201d. A clustering and refinement process followed to eliminate redundancy and improve conceptual coherence. The literature review revealed 154 diverse and overlapping SustLOs, reflecting the fragmented way in which sustainability is often addressed. Nearly half were transversal, highlighting the inherently multidimensional nature of sustainability. Most fell into the \u201cDoes\u201d level, reflecting the emphasis placed on applied, action-oriented learning. However, categories such as \u201cEthical\/Social Responsibilities and Values\u201d and \u201cPersonal and Professional Growth\u201d had fewer sustainable development and engineering outcomes at this level, highlighting the challenge of assessing long-term or behavioral outcomes. Through clustering and refinement, 23 SustLOs were established, offering a coherent foundation for curriculum design and assessment in engineering for sustainable development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su172310597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T11:43:22Z","timestamp":1764157402000},"page":"10597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Towards a Coherent Framework of Sustainability Learning Outcomes in Engineering Education"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1431-8624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna","family":"S\u00e1 Couto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), ALiCE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9909-120X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Segalas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sustainability Science and Technology, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0966-0537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana Maia","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), ALiCE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"UNESCO (2025, August 25). 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