{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T15:24:39Z","timestamp":1772465079915,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PRODER (Program for the Rural Development of Mainland Portugal), Medida 4.1, under the project ProFruta","award":["PA54101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PA54101"]}]},{"name":"PRODER (Program for the Rural Development of Mainland Portugal), Medida 4.1, under the project ProFruta","award":["PA54102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PA54102"]}]},{"name":"PRODER (Program for the Rural Development of Mainland Portugal), Medida 4.1, under the project ProFruta","award":["PA54103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PA54103"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) through national funds to Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center\u2014MEtRICs unit","award":["UID\/04077\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04077\/2025"]}]},{"name":"Green-it Bioresources for Sustainability R&D Unit","award":["UID\/04551\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04551\/2025"]}]},{"name":"Green-it Bioresources for Sustainability R&D Unit","award":["UID\/PRR\/04551\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/PRR\/04551\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Postharvest fruit losses significantly impact producers and distributors. Although synthetic preservatives mitigate these losses, consumer safety concerns and regulatory restrictions drive interest in alternative approaches. Propolis, rich in polyphenols, exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, making it a promising natural strategy to preserve fruit quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the pre- and postharvest applications of Portuguese propolis extracts on the preservation of postharvest quality of \u2018Rocha\u2019 pear, an exclusively Portuguese variety of major economic importance. Treatments were applied by spraying the fruits one month before and at harvest. After five months of cold storage, the main quality parameters, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, physiological disorders, and microbial contamination were assessed. The results showed that the application of propolis extract, either 30 days before or immediately after harvest, reduces the total microbiological load on the fruit\u2019s epidermis (~1-log to 2-log reduction, after treatment). Moreover, the treatment enhanced the preservation of key quality attributes, including a reduction in water loss of up to 44%, a 13\u201333% decrease in firmness loss relative to the control, and a lower incidence of physiological disorders during postharvest storage. Furthermore, the application of propolis can enhance the production of fruits with higher levels of bioactive compounds, while also adding value to a bee product that is often underappreciated by most beekeepers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su18052413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T14:06:56Z","timestamp":1772460416000},"page":"2413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pre- and Postharvest Application of Propolis Extract as a Sustainable Strategy for Preservation of \u2018Rocha\u2019 Pear Quality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Marcella","family":"Loebler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center (MEtRICs), Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV, I.P.), Estrada de Leiria, 2460-059 Alcoba\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center (MEtRICs), Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0940-519X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center (MEtRICs), Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center for Endogenous Resource Valorization (VALORIZA), Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8596-7821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV, I.P.), Estrada de Leiria, 2460-059 Alcoba\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"GREEN-IT\u2014Bioresources for Sustainability R&D Unit, ITQB NOVA, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Mayienga, S., and Cachia, F. 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