{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:38:03Z","timestamp":1775198283545,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54499\/UID\/50022\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54499\/UID\/50022\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union under the Next Generation EU","award":["PRODUTECH R3 \u2013 \u201cAgenda Mobilizadora da Fileira das Tecnologias de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o para a Rein-dustrializa\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, Total project investment: 166.988.013,71 Euros; Total Grant: 97.111.730,27 Euros."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRODUTECH R3 \u2013 \u201cAgenda Mobilizadora da Fileira das Tecnologias de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o para a Rein-dustrializa\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, Total project investment: 166.988.013,71 Euros; Total Grant: 97.111.730,27 Euros."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Industry 5.0 (I5.0) reframes industrial transformation by placing human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience alongside digitalisation, and by linking the twin transition to circular economy ambitions. While the post-2020 literature is expanding, implications for Manufacturing Systems are presented as fragmented principles, technologies, or isolated use cases, which complicates traceability from I5.0 goals to system-level requirements. This manuscript addresses this gap by consolidating the I5.0 discourse via a challenge-based synthesis and translating it into Manufacturing System implications using an evidence-mapping logic. Reported challenges are clustered into four topic groups (planet and society, products and consumption, production, people) and mapped to the four Manufacturing System pillars to expose evidence concentrations and gaps. Building on this bridge, a Manufacturing Systems\u2019 challenges taxonomy is derived in three streams: (i) personalised and circular products, (ii) sustainable, flexible, human-centric Manufacturing Systems, and (iii) an education and skills paradigm for reskilling across industry and research ecosystems. A research agenda matrix highlights priorities in lifecycle information infrastructures, orchestration metrics, human\u2013automation symbiosis, and governance at a system-of-systems scale. In the coded corpus (n = 30), evidence is denser in Manufacturing Systems and operations and competitiveness and people (22 and 23 papers) than in materials and processes and product, tooling, and assembly (7 and 10 papers).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su18073323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T12:11:59Z","timestamp":1774872719000},"page":"3323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Industry 5.0 Challenges for Manufacturing Systems: Evidence Mapping and Research Agenda"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9765-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Pe\u00e7as","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Breque, M., De Nul, L., and Petridis, A. 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