{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T05:39:51Z","timestamp":1770961191360,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,13]],"date-time":"2017-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration","award":["282887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["282887"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For forest sustainability and vulnerability assessment, the landscape scale is considered to be more and more relevant as the stand level approaches its known limitations. This review, which describes the main forest landscape simulation tools used in the 20 European case studies of the European project \u201cFuture-oriented integrated management of European forest landscapes\u201d (INTEGRAL), gives an update on existing decision support tools to run landscape simulation from Mediterranean to boreal ecosystems. The main growth models and software available in Europe are described, and the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches are discussed. Trades-offs between input efforts and output are illustrated. Recommendations for the selection of a forest landscape simulator are given. The paper concludes by describing the need to have tools that are able to cope with climate change and the need to build more robust indicators for assessment of forest landscape sustainability and vulnerability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su9040599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,13]],"date-time":"2017-04-13T10:55:44Z","timestamp":1492080944000},"page":"599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Decision Support Tools and Strategies to Simulate Forest Landscape Evolutions Integrating Forest Owner Behaviour: A Review from the Case Studies of the European Project, INTEGRAL"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1989-4289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Orazio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantic European Regional Office of the European Forest Institute\u2014EFIATLANTIC, Cestas 33610, France"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Cordero Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantic European Regional Office of the European Forest Institute\u2014EFIATLANTIC, Cestas 33610, France"}]},{"given":"Margot","family":"R\u00e9golini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantic European Regional Office of the European Forest Institute\u2014EFIATLANTIC, Cestas 33610, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0608-5784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Garcia-Gonzalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia (CEMFOR-CTFC), Ctra. de St. Lloren\u00e7 de Morunys, km 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Brigite","family":"Botequim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6661-190X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susete","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"R\u00f3bert","family":"Sedm\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Management and Geodesy, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, Zvolen 960 53, Slovakia"},{"name":"Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 1176, 165 21 Prague 6\u2014Suchdol, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"R\u00f3bert","family":"Smre\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Management and Geodesy, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, Zvolen 960 53, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Brodrechtov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Management of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, Zvolen 960 53, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Vilis","family":"Brukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0669-5726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gherardo","family":"Chirici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Forest Geomatics (geoLAB), Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, Via S. Bonaventura 13, I-50145 Firenze, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5275-5769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio (DiBT), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, I-86090 Pesche, Italy"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Moshammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Forest Yield Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9700-8708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Biber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Forest Yield Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Corrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food Science &amp; Veterinary Medicine, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Ljusk","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Favero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Universit\u00e0 di Padova, Agripolis, v.le dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Galev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"given":"Geerten","family":"Hengeveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Kavaliauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forest Management and Wood Science, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentu 11, LT-53361 Akademija, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Gintautas","family":"Mozgeris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forest Management and Wood Science, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentu 11, LT-53361 Akademija, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Navr\u00e1til","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 1176, 165 21 Prague 6\u2014Suchdol, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Nieuwenhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food Science &amp; Veterinary Medicine, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Paligorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7403-9560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Pettenella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Universit\u00e0 di Padova, Agripolis, v.le dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy"}]},{"given":"Andrius","family":"Stanislovaitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forest Management and Wood Science, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentu 11, LT-53361 Akademija, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7922-5680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3810-3561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renats","family":"Trubins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1n","family":"Tu\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Management and Geodesy, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, Zvolen 960 53, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Vizzarri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio (DiBT), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, I-86090 Pesche, Italy"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Wallin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4958-1868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Pretzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Forest Yield Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Salln\u00e4s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2009.01294.x","article-title":"Prospects for tropical forest biodiversity in a human-modified world","volume":"12","author":"Gardner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-014-0736-0","article-title":"Biodiversity and ecosystem services: Lessons from nature to improve management of planted forests for REDD-plus","volume":"23","author":"Thompson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biodivers. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"\u017divojinovi\u0107, I., Weiss, G., Lidestav, G., Feliciano, D., Hujala, T., Dob\u0161insk\u00e1, Z., Lawrence, A., Nybakk, E., Quiroga, S., and Schraml, U. (2015). Forest Land Ownership Change in Europe. Cost Action FP120 FACEMAP Country Reports, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciencesn (BOKU)."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"FOREST EUROPE (2017, April 12). State of Europe\u2019s Forests. Available online: http:\/\/www.foresteurope.org\/docs\/fullsoef2015.pdf."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8809(03)00072-0","article-title":"Biodiversity indicators: The choice of values and measures","volume":"98","author":"Duelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2046(94)00195-9","article-title":"Integrating scenic and recreational amenities into numerical forest planning","volume":"32","author":"Pukkala","year":"1995","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Orazio, C., Tom\u00e9, M., Colin, A., Diez Casero, J., Jactel, H., Mendes, A., and Martinez, I. (2006). FORSEE PROJECT: A Network of 10 Pilot Zones to Test and Improve Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management at Regional Level in Atlantic European Countries, IEFC. Rationale and Workplan Interim report."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"INTEGRAL Project Consortium (2016, December 13). Future-Oriented Integrated Management of European Forest Landscapes. Available online: http:\/\/www.integral-project.eu\/."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.3390\/f6051666","article-title":"How Sensitive Are Ecosystem Services in European Forest Landscapes to Silvicultural Treatment?","volume":"6","author":"Biber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2015.05.006","article-title":"Assessing land take by urban development and its impact on carbon storage: Findings from two case studies in Italy","volume":"54","author":"Sallustio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Impact Assess. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forpol.2015.08.008","article-title":"Combining scientific and stakeholder knowledge in future scenario development\u2014A forest landscape case study in northern Sweden","volume":"61","author":"Carlsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"For. Policy Econ."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"266","article-title":"Addressing Wildfire Risk in a Landscape-Level Scheduling Model: An Application in Portugal","volume":"61","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"For. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orazio, C., Cordero, R., Hautdidier, B., Meredieu, C., and Vallet, P. (2015). Simulation de l\u2019\u00e9volution de la dynamique foresti\u00e8re dans les Landes de Gascogne sous diff\u00e9rents sc\u00e9narios socio\u00e9conomiques. Rev. For. Fr., 493\u2013514. (In French).","DOI":"10.4267\/2042\/60720"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Sergent, A., Hautdidier, B., Deuffic, P., and Banos, V. (2016, August 22). WP 3.2 INTEGRAL National Case Study Reports, France. Available online: https:\/\/forestwiki.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/integral\/index.php\/Pontenx."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Orazio, C., Tom\u00e9, M., and Meredieu, C. (2016, December 09). FORMODELS, Register of Models for Forest. Available online: http:\/\/www.efiatlantic.efi.int\/portal\/databases\/formodels\/."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.17221\/4577-JFS","article-title":"Algorithms and software solution of thinning models for SIBYLA growth simulator","volume":"51","author":"Fabrika","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. For. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1051\/forest:19910508","article-title":"Growth and yield of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait): The average dominant tree of the stand","volume":"48","author":"Lemoine","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. Sci. For."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s13595-011-0157-0","article-title":"Fagac\u00e9es: A tree-centered growth and yield model for sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) and common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)","volume":"69","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. For. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s13595-011-0140-9","article-title":"Capsis: An open software framework and community for forest growth modelling","volume":"69","author":"Courbaud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. For. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Cucchi, V., de Coligny, F., Cordonnier, T., and Vallet, P. (2016, August 22). SIMMEM Simulateur Multi-Modules Pour L\u2019\u00e9chelle Massif. Available online: http:\/\/capsis.cirad.fr\/capsis\/help\/simmem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(02)00047-6","article-title":"The single tree-based stand simulator SILVA: Construction, application and evaluation","volume":"162","author":"Pretzsch","year":"2002","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2016, July 12). Remsoft Forestry. Available online: http:\/\/www.remsoft.com\/forestry.php."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Salln\u00e4s, O. (1990). A Matrix Growth Model of the Swedish Forest, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Studia forestalia suecica."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Schelhaas, M.-J., Eggers, J., Lindner, M., Nabuurs, G.-J., Pussinen, A., P\u00e4ivinen, R., Schuck, A., Verkerk, P.J., van der Werf, D.C., and Zudin, S. (2007). Model Documentation for the European Forest Information Scenario Model (EFISCEN 3.1.3), Alterra. EFI Technical Report 26."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"72","article-title":"Scenario-Based Analysis of Possible Management Alternatives for Lithuanian Forests in the 21 st Century","volume":"10","author":"Petrauskas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Balt. For."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2003.12.055","article-title":"Improving the formulation of tree growth and succession in a spatially explicit landscape model","volume":"180","author":"Schumacher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113-014-0718-5","article-title":"The landscape-level effect of individual-owner adaptation to climate change in Dutch forests","volume":"15","author":"Hengeveld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reg. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Barreiro, S., Garcia-Gonzalo, J., Borges, J., Tom\u00e9, M., and Marques, S. (2013). SADfLOR Tutorial. A Web-Based Forest and Natural Resources Decision Support System (Work in Progress), FORCHANGE, ISA."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s13595-013-0337-1","article-title":"A decision support system for management planning of Eucalyptus plantations facing climate change","volume":"71","author":"Borges","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. For. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eRC07","DOI":"10.5424\/fs\/2016252-08916","article-title":"StandsSIM-MD: A Management Driven forest SIMulator","volume":"25","author":"Barreiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"For. Syst."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"87","article-title":"The Heureka forestry decision support system: An overview","volume":"3","author":"Edenius","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Math. Comput. For. Nat. Resour. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-92002016000100001","article-title":"Modelaci\u00f3n del crecimiento de bosques: Estado del arte","volume":"37","author":"Salas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bosque Valdivia"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2015.06.044","article-title":"Representation of species mixing in forest growth models. A review and perspective","volume":"313","author":"Pretzsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s13595-011-0149-0","article-title":"Significant differences and curvilinearity in the self-thinning relationships of 11 temperate tree species assessed from forest inventory data","volume":"69","author":"Charru","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. For. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1051\/forest:2004077","article-title":"The allometric model in the stand density management of Pinus pinaster Ait. in Portugal","volume":"61","author":"Fonseca","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. For. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10342-010-0392-1","article-title":"Assessing natural hazards in forestry for risk management: A review","volume":"130","author":"Hanewinkel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pce.2016.05.001","article-title":"Regionalization of Europe based on a K-Means Cluster Analysis of the climate change of temperatures and precipitation","volume":"94","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Earth Parts ABC"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"8","article-title":"Models for supporting forest management in a changing environment","volume":"3","author":"Fontes","year":"2011","journal-title":"For. Syst."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"(2016, December 15). GIS-National Forest Centre. Available online: http:\/\/gis.nlcsk.org\/lgis\/."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2015). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Fabrika, M. (2005). Simul\u00e1tor Biodynamiky Lesa SIBYLA, Koncepcia, Kon\u0161trukcia a Programov\u00e9 Rie\u0161enie (Simulator of Forest Biodynamics SIBYLA, Framework, Construction and Software Solution). [Habilitation Thesis, Technical University in Zvolen]."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2016, December 15). ForestPortal Informa\u010dn\u00e9 Listy LTIS. Available online: http:\/\/www.forestportal.sk\/lesne-hospodarstvo\/informacie-o-lesoch\/trhove-spravodajstvo\/Pages\/informacne-listy-ltis.aspx."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"194","article-title":"Ekologiniai Mi\u0161k\u0173 Teritorinio I\u0161d\u0117stymo Pagrindai [Ecologic Fundamentals of Spatial Forest Distribution]","volume":"1","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vilnius"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edwards, D.M., Jay, M., Jensen, F.S., Lucas, B., Marzano, M., Montagn\u00e9, C., Peace, A., and Weiss, G. (2012). Public Preferences Across Europe for Different Forest Stand Types as Sites for Recreation. Ecol. Soc., 17.","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-04520-170126"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"(2016, December 15). D1-819\/3D-790 Harmonized Methodology for Collecting Data and Calculating the Amounts of Absorbed and Emitted Green-House Gases in the Sectors of Land-Use Changes and Forestry. Available online: https:\/\/www.e-tar.lt\/portal\/en\/legalAct\/TAR.0ACB228423D2."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Patr\u00edcio, M.S. (2006). An\u00e1lise da Potencialidade Produtiva do Castanheiro em Portugal, Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia. (In Portuguese)."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.5424\/fs\/2013222-03793","article-title":"A decision support system for a multi stakeholder\u2019s decision process in a Portuguese National Forest","volume":"22","author":"Palma","year":"2013","journal-title":"For. Syst."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"133","article-title":"Pinast\u00e9r\u00e9o\u2014Estimation de la hauteur dominante et de la biomasse foresti\u00e8re dans le massif des Landes de Gascogne \u00e0 partir d\u2019images st\u00e9r\u00e9oscopiques Pl\u00e9iades","volume":"209","author":"Belouard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Fr. Photogramm. T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tec."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.09.002","article-title":"Height growth reconstruction of a boreal forest canopy over a period of 58 years using a combination of photogrammetric and lidar models","volume":"112","author":"Vega","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"86","article-title":"Simulation tools for decision support to adaptive forest management in Europe","volume":"3","author":"Muys","year":"2011","journal-title":"For. Syst."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.3832\/ifor1356-008","article-title":"Usefulness and perceived usefulness of Decision Support Systems (DSSs) in participatory forest planning: The final users\u2019 point of view","volume":"9","author":"Pastorella","year":"2016","journal-title":"iForest"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.5424\/fs\/2013222-03192","article-title":"Review. A brief overview of forest management decision support systems (FMDSS) listed in the FORSYS wiki","volume":"22","author":"Packalen","year":"2013","journal-title":"For. Syst."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2016.05.021","article-title":"Decision support framework for evaluating the operational environment of forest bioenergy production and use: Case of four European countries","volume":"180","author":"Kurttila","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"(2016, December 15). ForestDSS.org, Community of Practice Forest Management Decision Support Systems. Available online: http:\/\/www.forestdss.org\/CoP\/."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3832\/ifor0603-009","article-title":"Application of indicators network analysis to support local forest management plan development: A case study in Molise, Italy","volume":"5","author":"Santopuoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"iForest"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1229931","article-title":"Essential Biodiversity Variables","volume":"339","author":"Pereira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/02827581.2013.830768","article-title":"Past, current and future drivers for the development of decision support systems in forest management","volume":"29","author":"Vacik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. J. For. Res."}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/9\/4\/599\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:32:37Z","timestamp":1760207557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/9\/4\/599"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,13]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["su9040599"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su9040599","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,13]]}}}