{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:41:30Z","timestamp":1774935690532,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research in football has been embracing the complex systems paradigm in order to identify different insights about key determinants of performance. The present study explored the multifractal properties of several football-related scenarios, as a candidate method to describe movement dynamics. The sample consisted of five footballers that were engaged in six different training situations (jogging, high intensity interval protocol, running circuit, 5 vs. 5, 8 vs. 8 and a 10 vs. 10 small-sided game). All kinematic measures were collected using a 100 Hz wireless and wearable inertial measurement unit (WIMUPRO\u00a9). Data were processed using a discrete wavelet leader transform in order to obtain a spectrum of singularities that could best describe the movement dynamics. The Holder exponent for each of all six conditions revealed mean values h &lt; 0.5 indicating presence of long memory with anti-correlated behavior. A strong trend was found between the width of the multifractal spectrum and the type of task performed, with jogging showing the weakest multifractality \u2206h = 0.215 \u00b1 0.020, whereas, 10 vs. 10 small-sided game revealed the strongest \u2206h = 0.992 \u00b1 0.104. The Hausdorff dimension indicates that a maximal fluctuation rate occurs with a higher probability than that of the minimal fluctuation rate for all tasks, with the exception of the high intensity interval protocol. Moreover, the spectrum asymmetry values of jogging, running circuit, 5 vs. 5, 8 vs. 8 and 10 vs. 10 small-sided games reveal their multifractal structures are more sensitive to the local fluctuations with small magnitudes. The multifractal analysis has shown a potential to systematically elucidate the dynamics and variability structure over time for the training situations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12081287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T07:45:57Z","timestamp":1596440757000},"page":"1287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Multifractal Analysis of Movement Behavior in Association Football"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8928-8028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Freitas Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab, 4960 320 Melga\u00e7o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2335-9991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Community, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-811 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2-55","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0423","article-title":"Wearable training-monitoring technology: Applications, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"12","author":"Cardinale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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