{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:55:59Z","timestamp":1770749759737,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)","award":["99999.011873\/2013-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["99999.011873\/2013-02"]}]},{"name":"CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CESAM by FCT\/MCTES","award":["99999.011873\/2013-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["99999.011873\/2013-02"]}]},{"name":"CESAM by FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds (OE) through FCT (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.)","award":["99999.011873\/2013-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["99999.011873\/2013-02"]}]},{"name":"national funds (OE) through FCT (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.)","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Southern Amazonia encompasses some of the most human-impacted and deforested regions of South America, resulting in a hyper-fragmented landscape. In this context, by using a geometric morphometrics approach, we aimed to examine the effect of forest fragmentation on developmental instability (DI) of the mandible, assessed by variation of fluctuating asymmetry (FA), in four neotropical small mammal species inhabiting the municipality of Alta Floresta (Brazil). (2) Methods: The impact of fragment area, fragment shape, isolation, and edge length on DI were assessed by measuring variation in mandibular FA in the long-tailed spiny rat (Proechimys longicaudatus), the hairy-tailed bolo mouse (Necromys lasiurus), the woolly mouse opossum (Marmosa demerarae), and the Amazonian red-sided opossum (Monodelphis glirina). Mandibles from a total of 304 specimens originating from different-sized fragments (ranging from 5 to 900 ha) were used. Twelve homologous landmarks were digitized in photographs of the mesial view of each hemi-mandible. (3) Results: The two largest species, P. longicaudatus and M. demerarae, exhibited significantly higher levels of FA in mandibular shape in small fragments (5\u201326 ha) in comparison to large ones (189\u2013900 ha). Edge length negatively impacted M. demerarae, the only arboreal species, reinforcing its strongest dependence on core forest habitats. (4) Conclusions: For small mammal communities, we propose that fragments &gt;~200 ha should be the focus of conservation efforts, as both resilient and more sensitive species would benefit from their more preserved biotic and abiotic conditions. Conversely, fragments &lt;~25 ha seem to lead to a significant increase in stress during developmental stages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14050981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T23:08:36Z","timestamp":1652396916000},"page":"981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Differential Impact of Forest Fragmentation on Fluctuating Asymmetry in South Amazonian Small Mammals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9675-846X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Welvis Felipe Fernandes","family":"Castilheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2084-0368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesc","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jacint","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s, Spain"},{"name":"Granollers Museum of Natural Sciences, 08402 Granollers, Spain"}]},{"given":"Manoel","family":"dos Santos-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa de Limnologia, Biodiversidade, Etnobiologia do Pantanal, Laborat\u00f3rio de Mastozoologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, C\u00e1ceres 78200-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Maria da Luz","family":"Mathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3702-4631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia Isabel","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132419","article-title":"Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity","volume":"34","author":"Fahrig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. 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