{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T17:00:30Z","timestamp":1763830830336,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,16]],"date-time":"2017-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The importance of stereochemistry for medicinal chemistry and pharmacology is well recognized and the dissimilar behavior of enantiomers is fully documented. Regarding the environment, the significance is equivalent since enantiomers of chiral organic pollutants can also differ in biodegradation processes and fate, as well as in ecotoxicity. This review comprises designed biodegradation studies of several chiral drugs and pesticides followed by enantioselective analytical methodologies to accurately measure the enantiomeric fraction (EF). The enantioselective monitoring of microcosms and laboratory-scale experiments with different environmental matrices is herein reported. Thus, this review focuses on the importance of evaluating the EF variation during biodegradation studies of chiral pharmaceuticals, drugs of abuse, and agrochemicals and has implications for the understanding of the environmental fate of chiral pollutants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym9090196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T07:12:50Z","timestamp":1505805170000},"page":"196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Chiral Analysis of Pesticides and Drugs of Environmental Concern: Biodegradation and Enantiomeric Fraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alexandra S.","family":"Maia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CESPU, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada em Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias da Sa\u00fade, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal"},{"name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lob\u00e3o Vital, apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana R.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula M. L.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lob\u00e3o Vital, apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3320-730X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elizabeth","family":"Tiritan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESPU, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada em Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias da Sa\u00fade, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e2nica e Farmac\u00eautica, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-006-0424-3","article-title":"Environmental fate processes and biochemical transformations of chiral emerging organic pollutants","volume":"386","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. 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