{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T01:02:11Z","timestamp":1776128531406,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,30]],"date-time":"2017-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Given the importance of chirality in the biological response, regulators, industries and researchers require chiral compounds in their enantiomeric pure form. Therefore, the approach to separate enantiomers in preparative scale needs to be fast, easy to operate, low cost and allow obtaining the enantiomers at high level of optical purity. A variety of methodologies to separate enantiomers in preparative scale is described, but most of them are expensive or with restricted applicability. However, the use of membranes have been pointed out as a promising methodology for scale-up enantiomeric separation due to the low energy consumption, continuous operability, variety of materials and supports, simplicity, eco-friendly and the possibility to be integrated into other separation processes. Different types of membranes (solid and liquid) have been developed and may provide applicability in multi-milligram and industrial scales. In this brief overview, the different types and chemical nature of membranes are described, showing their advantages and drawbacks. Recent applications of enantiomeric separations of pharmaceuticals, amines and amino acids were reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym9100206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]],"date-time":"2017-10-02T13:10:05Z","timestamp":1506949805000},"page":"206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Chiral Separation in Preparative Scale: A Brief Overview of Membranes as Tools for Enantiomeric Separation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Carla","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e2nica e Farmac\u00eautica, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edif\u00edcio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3320-730X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Tiritan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e2nica e Farmac\u00eautica, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edif\u00edcio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio (CESPU), Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada em Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias da Sa\u00fade (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4676-1409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalena","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e2nica e Farmac\u00eautica, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edif\u00edcio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiritan, M.E., Ribeiro, A.R., Fernandes, C., and Pinto, M. (2016). Chiral pharmaceuticals. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemicl Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471238961.1608011823092009.a01.pub2"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp097","article-title":"Chiral toxicology: It\u2019s the same thing only different","volume":"110","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3657-c1","article-title":"The predicated demise of racemic new molecular entities is an exaggeration","volume":"11","author":"Agranat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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