{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T13:06:20Z","timestamp":1775653580209,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Smart Specialization Strategy (S3) has become a central instrument of European Union Cohesion Policy, yet its implementation has revealed recurring limitations, including formalistic Entrepreneurial Discovery Processes, weak multilevel coordination, generic priorities, and evaluation systems focused mainly on innovation outputs. This paper examines how shared purpose can be incorporated into S3 in ways that improve both developmental direction and implementation quality across levels. The study adopts a conceptual research design based on a critical synthesis of literature and a model-building procedure, complemented by an illustrative regional application. The main result is the Purpose-Driven Smart Specialization (S3+P) framework, a multilevel model linking individual, organizational, territorial, and macro-policy dimensions through five catalytic mechanisms: plasticity, temporality, identity, memory, and relational networks. The paper also proposes a six-step policy cycle and an indicator logic that broadens evaluation beyond conventional innovation metrics. The analysis suggests that purpose can strengthen directionality, coherence, and legitimacy in regional strategy while preserving the place-based and discovery-oriented rationale of S3. The framework contributes to current debates on the renewal of smart specialization for more sustainable and coordinated regional development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems14040409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T11:41:18Z","timestamp":1775648478000},"page":"409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Purpose-Driven Smart Specialization (S3+P): A Multilevel Model for Sustainable Regional Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7747-6352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Lu\u00edsa","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Department, Lisbon Accounting and Business School (ISCAL), Polytechnic of Lisbon, 1069-035 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies in Management and Economics (CEFAGE), University of \u00c9vora, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Social Sciences (CICS.NOVA.U\u00c9vora), University of \u00c9vora, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6806-1606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business Administration and Sociology Department, School of Economics and Busines Sciences, Campus of Badajoz, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1157-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Jacquinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences and Management, Universidade Aberta, 1269-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"TERRA Associate Laboratory, Centre for Functional Ecology, Science for People and the Planet (CFE), 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences (DCV), University of Coimbra (UC), 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1583-983X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, University of \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"UMPP\u2014Public Policy Monitoring Unit, University of \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"CICP\u2014Research Centre in Political Science, University of \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3032","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-025-02736-3","article-title":"Regional smart specialisation strategies: A systematic literature review","volume":"17","author":"Ferreira","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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