{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:37:12Z","timestamp":1760060232939,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UIDB\/00326\/2025","UIDP\/00326\/2025","UIDB\/04501\/2025","UIDP\/04501\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00326\/2025","UIDP\/00326\/2025","UIDB\/04501\/2025","UIDP\/04501\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Technologies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-performance musical instrument training is a demanding discipline that engages cognitive, neurological, and physical skills. Professional musicians invest substantial time and effort into mastering their repertoire and developing the muscle memory and reflexes required to perform complex works in high-stakes settings. While existing surveys have explored the use of music in therapeutic and general training contexts, there is a notable lack of work focused specifically on the needs of professional musicians and advanced instrumental practice. This topical review explores the potential of EEG-based brain\u2013computer interface (BCI) technologies to integrate real-time feedback of biomechanic and cognitive features in advanced musical practice. Building on a conceptual framework of technology-enhanced musical practice (TEMP), we review empirical studies of broad contexts, addressing the EEG signal decoding of biomechanic and cognitive tasks that closely relates to the specified TEMP features (movement and muscle activity, posture and balance, fine motor movements and dexterity, breathing control, head and facial movement, movement intention, tempo processing, ptich recognition, and cognitive engagement), assessing their feasibility and limitations. Our analysis highlights current gaps and provides a foundation for future development of BCI-supported musical training systems to support high-performance instrumental practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/technologies13080365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T13:28:22Z","timestamp":1755523702000},"page":"365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Technology-Enhanced Musical Practice Using Brain\u2013Computer Interfaces: A Topical Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2953-0585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Perrotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CISUC\/LASI\u2014Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8837-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacinto","family":"Estima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISUC\/LASI\u2014Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0196-2821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge C. S.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISUC\/LASI\u2014Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1911-2788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lic\u00ednio","family":"Roque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISUC\/LASI\u2014Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1398-9060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Pais-Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iBiMED\u2014Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9262-0375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Pais-Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Catholic University of Portugal, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrett, K.C., Ashley, R., Strait, D.L., and Kraus, N. 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