{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T19:11:24Z","timestamp":1773861084831,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Integrated Project be@t\u2014Textile Bioeconomy","award":["No. 02\/C12-i01.01\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 02\/C12-i01.01\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Recovery and Resilience Plan"},{"name":"FCT project","award":["UID\/50016\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50016\/2025"]}]},{"name":"FCT project","award":["LA\/P\/0076\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0076\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Textiles"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The identification\/classification of textile fibres is essential in manufacturing, forensic science, cultural heritage preservation, and recycling. Conventional methods, including solubility tests, optical microscopy, and chromatographic techniques, are often destructive, labour-intensive, and limited in scope. Vibrational spectroscopy, particularly near-infrared (NIR), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy, has emerged as a rapid, non-destructive, and accurate alternative for fibre analysis. However, multi-composition textiles, dyes, finishing agents, and ageing effects frequently cause overlapping spectral features, hampering direct interpretation. This review examines the combined use of vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics for textile fibre discrimination. It critically evaluates the performance of different spectroscopic techniques in classifying natural, synthetic, and blended fibres. The role of multivariate analysis methods, such as PCA, PLS, LDA, SIMCA, and machine learning algorithms, in improving spectral interpretation and classification accuracy is highlighted. Key factors affecting model robustness, including spectral pre-processing, sample heterogeneity, moisture, and colour, are also discussed. The integration of spectroscopy with chemometrics provides a robust, scalable, and sustainable solution for fibre identification, supporting quality control, fraud detection, and circular economy initiatives. This approach demonstrates significant potential for both research and industrial applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/textiles6010034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T11:14:14Z","timestamp":1773832454000},"page":"34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Textile Fibre Characterisation: A Review of Vibrational Spectroscopy and Chemometrics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Diva","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A. Margarida","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M. Leonor","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9a","family":"Marinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITEVE\u2014Centro Tecnol\u00f3gico das Ind\u00fastrias T\u00eaxtil e do Vestu\u00e1rio de Portugal\u2014Rua Fernando Mesquita 2785, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalic\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7206-8771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LaFave, Q., Etukuri, S.P., Courtney, C.L., Kothari, N., Rife, T.W., and Saski, C.A. 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