{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:17:05Z","timestamp":1761664625973,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tomography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultrasound-guided hydrodistention has been established as an effective minimally invasive treatment option for glenohumeral joint adhesive capsulitis (AC). Nonetheless, the long-term outcomes of the procedure have not yet been established. A total of 202 patients with AC were prospectively recruited and followed up for a total of 2 years. Pain and functionality were assessed with the use of the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score, respectively, at the beginning and the end of the follow-up period. The relapse of AC over the 2-year period and the effect of diabetes were also evaluated in the treatment cohort. The Mann\u2013Whitney U test was used to compare mean scores at the two time points, and Cox survival analysis and \u03c72 test were used to assess the effect of diabetes on AC relapse. VAS and DASH scores were significantly lower at 2 years compared with the beginning of the follow-up period (p &lt; 0.001). Diabetes was diagnosed in 38\/202 patients (18.8%) and was found to be significantly associated with recurrence of the disease (p &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, in this observational study, we have demonstrated that ultrasound-guided hydrodistention is linked to excellent long-term outcomes for the treatment of AC, which are significantly worse in patients with diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography9050147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T14:59:59Z","timestamp":1697295599000},"page":"1857-1867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Long-Term Outcomes of Ultrasound-Guided Hydrodistension for Adhesive Capsulitis: A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Dimitri-Pinheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto\u2014Francisco Gentil EPE, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2731-933X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michail E.","family":"Klontzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}]},{"given":"Evangelia E.","family":"Vassalou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1636-9721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalena","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Centre, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9157-5541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"I3S\u2014Institute for Innovation and Health Research, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0927-2403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apostolos H.","family":"Karantanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder and diabetes: A meta-analysis of prevalence","volume":"6","author":"Nasri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Muscle Ligaments Tendons J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1308\/147870811X582080","article-title":"The case for surgical treatment of the frozen shoulder","volume":"93","author":"Sharma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. 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