{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:40:31Z","timestamp":1760060431602,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tourism and Hospitality"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The economic resources of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) follow a national diversification strategy that aims at sustainable growth. In this scenario, archaeological tourism plays a significant role in affirming cultural heritage but remains dependent on variables that are difficult to manipulate. This paper examines not only the opportunities but also the structural constraints of developing archaeology-based tourism propositions in a rapidly growing and highly competitive economy. The UAE counts on multiple sites, all of which face a combination of challenges to sustainable development. These comprise commercial tensions, environmental and infrastructural concerns, perspectives on authenticity, as well as global socioeconomic pressure. Such constraints are analyzed by tapping into the existing literature and recommendations for policymakers are offered in order to balance heritage conservation with economic growth. The findings emphasize the need for prioritizing community engagement and favoring sustainable representations of Emirati archaeology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tourhosp6040160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T11:50:31Z","timestamp":1755863431000},"page":"160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Limits of Sustainability in Archaeological Tourism: An Exercise on the United Arab Emirates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1549-9804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriaan","family":"De Man","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tourism and Heritage, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3587","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCHM-09-2023-1496","article-title":"The effect of immersive technologies on tourist satisfaction and loyalty: The mediating role of customer engagement and customer perceived value","volume":"36","author":"Zouair","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-020-00630-8","article-title":"COVID-19 impact and survival strategy in business tourism market: The example of the UAE MICE industry","volume":"7","author":"Aburumman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.15406\/jhaas.2021.06.00246","article-title":"Archaeological tourism: Characteristics and functions","volume":"6","author":"Afkhami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-7383(01)00002-0","article-title":"Restructuring seaside tourism: The resort life-cycle","volume":"29","author":"Agarwal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1080\/1743873X.2024.2440411","article-title":"How are value orientations toward intangible cultural heritage important to local cultural festival development?","volume":"20","author":"Alazaizeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Heritage Tourism"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/21534764.2015.1057398","article-title":"Archaeology and development in the GCC states","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Arabian Studies"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Department of tourism and culture\u2014Abu Dhabi: Transforming the desert into a city","volume":"9","author":"Ahmad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"134","article-title":"Willingness of residents to participate in UAE heritage and culture tourism industry","volume":"13","author":"Aldhanhani","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allan, M., and Dowling, R. (2023). Geotourism in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Geotourism in the Middle East, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-24170-3"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1163\/15691497-12341721","article-title":"United Arab Emirates\u2019 pursuit of soft power through cultural diplomacy and its challenges","volume":"24","author":"Alblooshi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2495\/ST240151","article-title":"Impact assessment of urban heritage sites: The case of Khor Dubai, UAE","volume":"263","author":"Assi","year":"2024","journal-title":"WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badran, A., Abu-Khafajah, S., and Elliott, S. (2022). Heritage and community involvement: The case of Sharjah Fort (Al Hisn) museum. Community heritage in the Arab region, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-07446-2"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage5030128","article-title":"The comparative analysis for the new approach to three tourism-oriented heritage districts in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"5","author":"Awad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heritage"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"873","article-title":"Bait Mohammed Bin Khalifa, the challenging consolidation of an Emirati \u201ctransition period\u201d building","volume":"Vol. 47","author":"Endo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Structural analysis of historical constructions"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/dome.12282","article-title":"Promoting multiculturalism and tolerance: Expanding the meaning of \u201cunity through diversity\u201d in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"32","author":"Baycar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Digest of Middle East Studies"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben-Romdhane, H., Francis, D., Cherif, C., Pavlopoulos, K., Ghedira, H., and Griffiths, S. (2023). Detecting and predicting archaeological sites using remote sensing and machine learning\u2014Application to the Saruq Al-Hadid site, Dubai, UAE. Geosciences, 13, (6).","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences13060179"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Benton, J. N., Benton, J. N., and Qandil, H. (1996). Excavations at Al Sufouh: A third millennium site in the Emirate of Dubai, Brepols."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1108\/IMEFM-12-2019-0521","article-title":"Innovative leadership in leisure and entertainment industry: The case of the UAE as a global tourism hub","volume":"13","author":"Bodolica","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1080\/13527258.2020.1858441","article-title":"Commercialization without over-commercialization: Normative conundrums across heritage rationalities","volume":"27","author":"Bortolotto","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Heritage Studies"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Ebrashi, R., Hattab, H., Hassan, R. S., and Bouchra, N. H. (2023). Application of Porter\u2019s diamond model: A case study of tourism cluster in UAE. Industry clusters and innovation in the Arab world, Emerald Publishing.","DOI":"10.1108\/9781802628715"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bridi, R. M., and De Man, A. (2025). From heritage to high-tech: The impact of technology on camels in the United Arab Emirates. Heritage, 8, (5).","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage8050165"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0064.1980.tb00970.x","article-title":"The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution and implications for management of resources","volume":"24","author":"Butler","year":"1980","journal-title":"The Canadian Geographer"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1080\/14616688.2024.2325932","article-title":"Tourism destination development: The tourism area life cycle model","volume":"27","author":"Butler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tourism Geographies"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Al-Thani, H., Abdulla, N., Muhesen, S., Walmsley, A., Hassan al-Sulaiti, F., Rosendahl, S., and Thuesen, I. (2022). Presenting Al Zubarah archaeological site. Al Zubarah: Qatar\u2019s world heritage city, Qatar University Press."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1057\/s41270-021-00142-7","article-title":"A user-friendly method to merge Scopus and Web of Science data during bibliometric analysis","volume":"10","author":"Caputo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Analytics"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.22259\/2639-3662.0701003","article-title":"Proposed chronology of burial activity by period in the necropolis of Al-Qusais (Dubai, UAE)","volume":"7","author":"Contreras","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annals of Archaeology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Man, A. (2024). Positioning UAE archaeological sites in tourism supply chains. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, Advance online publication.","DOI":"10.1108\/JCHMSD-05-2023-0066"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castanho, R. A., Pivac, T., and Mandi\u0107, A. (2025). Hospitality and heritage tourism production in the Northern Emirates. Legacy and innovation, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-59325-3"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"040001","article-title":"Notes on UAE heritage clustering for urban planning","volume":"2881","author":"Hassan","year":"2023","journal-title":"AIP Conference Proceedings"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gursoy, D., and Nunkoo, R. (2022). Social exchange theory and tourism. Routledge handbook of social psychology of tourism, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003161868"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/jtr.2560","article-title":"Exploring the relevance of social exchange theory in the Middle East: A case study of tourism in Dubai, UAE","volume":"25","author":"Dutt","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Tourism Research"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faraj, N., Alqaryuti, A., Mayyas, A., and Maalouf, M. (, January November). A regression-based approach to explore tourism and hospitality trends in the UAE hotel sector. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Technology Management, Operations and Decisions (ICTMOD), Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTMOD63116.2024.10878246"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filippi, L. D., and Mazzetto, S. (2024). Comparing AlUla and The Red Sea Saudi Arabia\u2019s giga projects on tourism towards a sustainable change in destination development. Sustainability, 16, (5).","DOI":"10.3390\/su16052117"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2024.101998","article-title":"Cultural heritage and economic development: Measuring sustainability over time","volume":"95","author":"Galluccio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Socio-Economic Planning Sciences"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Goodburn-Brown, D., Norman, K., Elders, J., and Popescu, E. (2017). Preservation in situ for tourism: An early Christian monastic complex on Sir Bani Yas Island, Western Abu Dhabi, UAE. Preserving archaeological remains in situ, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Gould, P. G. (2014). Putting the past to work: Archaeology, community and economic development. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University College London]."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, C. (2020). Heritage sites: Economic incentives, impacts, and commercialization. Encyclopedia of global archaeology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30018-0"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gutberlet, M. (2023). Overtourism and cruise tourism in emerging destinations on the Arabian Peninsula, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429424946"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCTHR-04-2017-0048","article-title":"Residents\u2019 perceptions of the impact of tourism in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","volume":"11","author":"Hammad","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.30519\/ahtr.782679","article-title":"Branding heritage tourism in Dubai: A qualitative study","volume":"9","author":"Haq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassouni, A., and Mellor, N. (2025). AI in the United Arab Emirates\u2019 media sector: Balancing efficiency and cultural integrity. Journalism and Media, 6, (1).","DOI":"10.3390\/journalmedia6010031"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"424","article-title":"On the tourism-led growth hypothesis in the UAE: A bootstrap approach with leveraged adjustments","volume":"23","year":"2016","journal-title":"Applied Economics Letters"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/aae.12050","article-title":"Laser scanning for the documentation and management of heritage sites within the Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates","volume":"26","author":"Holden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan, A. (2022). Exploring the role of technology application in tourism events, festivals and fairs in the United Arab Emirates: Strategies in the post pandemic period. Technology application in tourism fairs, festivals and events in Asia, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-8070-0"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Tyagi, P. K., Nadda, V., and Singh, A. K. (2025). Circular economy in tourism: Unlocking sustainable development opportunities in the UAE. Meaningful tourism (building the future of tourism), Emerald Publishing."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Varghese, B., and Sandhya, H. (2025). Integrating artificial intelligence for smart destination management in the UAE: Opportunities, challenges, and impacts. Advancing smart tourism through analytics, IGI Global."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"57","article-title":"Abbasid Jumeirah, Dubai: An overview of the site and its architectural stucco decoration","volume":"36","author":"Juchniewicz","year":"2023","journal-title":"\u00c9tudes et Travaux"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1108\/LHTN-02-2024-0032","article-title":"Cultural preservation through technology in UAE libraries","volume":"41","author":"Kaluvilla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Library Hi Tech News"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Karacic, S. (2023). Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies: Vol. 52, Archaeopress."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s40745-022-00438-0","article-title":"Automatic merging of Scopus and Web of Science data for simplified and effective bibliometric analysis","volume":"11","author":"Kasaraneni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annals of Data Science"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/10496491.2021.1989540","article-title":"How destination brand equity and destination brand authenticity influence destination visit intention: Evidence from the United Arab Emirates","volume":"28","author":"Kumail","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Promotion Management"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"83","article-title":"A note on the architectural layout of the early Islamic church on Sir Bani Yas Island, UAE","volume":"36","author":"Lic","year":"2023","journal-title":"\u00c9tudes et Travaux"},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Madsen, B. (2018). The early Bronze Age tombs of Jebel Hafit: Danish archaeological investigations in Abu Dhabi 1961\u20131971, Universitetsforlag."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1086\/BASOR25067023","article-title":"Beyond the desert and the sown: Settlement intensification in late prehistoric Southeastern Arabia","volume":"347","author":"Magee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"100","article-title":"Heritage conservation and reuses to promote sustainable growth","volume":"85","author":"Mazzetto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Materials Today: Proceedings"},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"McKercher, B., and du Cros, H. (2002). Cultural tourism: The partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management, The Haworth Press."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weeks, L. (2010). Life and death in an early Bronze Age community from Hili, Al Ain, UAE. Death and burial in Arabia and beyond: Multidisciplinary perspectives, Archaeopress.","DOI":"10.30861\/9781407306483"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"3","article-title":"Instagrammable destinations: The use of photographs in digital tourism marketing in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"11","author":"Michael","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4573","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-024-05076-2","article-title":"An open-source tool for merging data from multiple citation databases","volume":"129","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"8","article-title":"Imported and local cylinder seals in the Oman Peninsula: Finds from Kalba, Tell Abraq and Mleiha (Sharjah Emirate, U.A.E.)","volume":"21","author":"Overlaet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annual Sharjah Archaeology"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sindakis, S., and Aggarwal, S. (2022). The economic development of tourism in the United Arab Emirates. Entrepreneurial rise in the Middle East and North Africa: The influence of quadruple helix on technological innovation, Emerald Publishing.","DOI":"10.1108\/9781800715172"},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Potts, D. T. (2012). In the land of the Emirates: The archaeology and history of the UAE, Trident Press."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burt, J. A. (2024). Human\u2013environment interactions in the United Arab Emirates: An archaeological perspective. A natural history of the Emirates, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-37397-8"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"211","article-title":"Excavations at a late antique to early Islamic pearling town and monastery on S\u012bn\u012bya Island, Umm al Quwain","volume":"53","author":"Power","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"267","article-title":"Bayt Bin \u02bf\u0100t\u012b in the Qa\u1e6d\u1e6d\u0101rah oasis: A prehistoric industrial site and the formation of the oasis landscape of al-\u02bfAin, UAE","volume":"41","author":"Power","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-024-03841-5","article-title":"From living heritage values to value-based policymaking: Exploring new indicators for Abu Dhabi\u2019s sustainable development","volume":"11","author":"Raevskikh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Go, G., and Gammel, H. L. (2021). Case C: Creating desert islands\u2013Abu Dhabi. International place branding yearbook 2010: Place branding in the new age of innovation, Palgrave Macmillan.","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230298095"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/17547075.2018.1431861","article-title":"Critical heritage and participatory discourse in the UAE","volume":"10","author":"Rizvi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Design and Culture"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1177\/14673584221122488","article-title":"The tour guide role in the United Arab Emirates: Emiratisation, satisfaction and retention","volume":"23","author":"Rutledge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tourism and Hospitality Research"},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"142","article-title":"Tourist, local, and broker perceptions of Abu Dhabi and Dubai, United Arab Emirates: Tourist gazes, ultra-artifacts, and hyperreality","volume":"26","author":"Miller","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Arab World Geographer"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salameh, M., and Touqan, B. (2023). From heritage to sustainability: The future of the past in the hot arid climate of the UAE. Buildings, 13, (2).","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings13020418"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/13505033.2024.2400625","article-title":"Archaeotourism unveiled: A systematic literature review and chronicles of built heritage conservation","volume":"26","author":"Salim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sayama, K., Parker, A. G., Parton, A., and Viles, H. (2022). Developing a geocultural database of Quaternary palaeoenvironmental sites and archaeological sites in Southeast Arabia: Inventory, endangerment assessment, and a roadmap for conservation. Sustainability, 14, (21).","DOI":"10.3390\/su142114096"},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"1695","article-title":"The role of contemporary biographical museums in heritage conservation in the UAE","volume":"28","author":"Shakour","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, P., Singh, V. K., and Piryani, R. (2023). Scholarly article retrieval from Web of Science, Scopus and Dimensions: A comparative analysis of retrieval quality. Journal of Information Science, Advance online publication.","DOI":"10.1177\/01655515231191351"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"238","article-title":"Is tourism really an escape from everyday life? Everyday leisure activities vs leisure travel activities of expats and Emirati nationals living in the UAE","volume":"12","author":"Fotiadis","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.07.039","article-title":"Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines","volume":"104","author":"Snyder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stephenson, M. L., and Al-Hamarneh, A. (2017). International tourism development and the Gulf Cooperation Council states, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315776576"},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Stephenson, M. L. (2020). Theme park Arabism: Disneyfying the UAE\u2019s heritage for western tourist consumption. Cultural and heritage tourism in the Middle East and North Africa, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trusiani, E., and D\u2019Onofrio, R. (2024). Urban guidelines and strategic plan for a UNESCO world heritage candidate site: The historical centre of Sharjah (UAE). Sustainability, 16, (17).","DOI":"10.3390\/su16177461"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, Y., Rousseau, R., and Wolfram, D. (2014). Visualizing bibliometric networks. Measuring scholarly impact, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10377-8"},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"Jarvie, H. (2022). The making of a heritage sport: Falconry in the UAE. Routledge handbook of sport in the Middle East, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weeks, L., Valente, T., Franke, K., Contreras, F., Radwan, M. B., and Zein, H. (2024). Iron Age copper production and the \u201critual economy\u201d of Saruq al-Hadid (Dubai, UAE). Advances in UAE archaeology\u2014Proceedings of Abu Dhabi\u2019s archaeology conference 2022, Archaeopress.","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.14638142.15"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1177\/0739456X17723971","article-title":"Guidance on conducting a systematic literature review","volume":"39","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Planning Education and Research"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2022.102827","article-title":"Spatial distribution of natural hazards and their proximity to heritage sites: Case of the United Arab Emirates","volume":"71","author":"Yagoub","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/13032917.2016.1218348","article-title":"Societal implications of UAE tourism development","volume":"27","author":"Zaidan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anatolia"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.21608\/ijecth.2023.347014","article-title":"Visitor management plan for the complex of Al-Ain national museum and the Eastern Fort (world heritage site)","volume":"6","author":"Zeidan","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Eco-Cultural Tourism, Hospitality Planning and Development"}],"container-title":["Tourism and Hospitality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-5768\/6\/4\/160\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:33:38Z","timestamp":1760034818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-5768\/6\/4\/160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["tourhosp6040160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tourhosp6040160","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-5768"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2673-5768"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]}}}