{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:33:27Z","timestamp":1767706407832,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"PT national funds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Patients on chronic hemodialysis therapy are at high risk of disturbances in trace element status due to both the underlying disease and the hemodialysis process itself. Data on iodine and bromine levels in these patients are scarce. Methods: Using an ICP-MS analytical procedure, serum iodine and bromine levels were determined in a cohort (n = 57) of end-stage renal disease patients on chronic hemodialysis. The results were compared with those of a control group (n = 59). Results: Hemodialysis patients presented serum iodine levels within the normal range, slightly lower than in controls, but without reaching a statistically significant difference (67.6 \u00b1 17.1 \u00b5g\/L vs. 72.2 \u00b1 14.8 \u00b5g\/L; p = 0.1252). In contrast, serum bromine levels were much lower in patients (1086 \u00b1 244 \u00b5g\/L vs. 4137 \u00b1 770 \u00b5g\/L; p &lt; 0.0001), at values only about 26% of the values observed in controls. Conclusions: Hemodialysis patients had normal serum iodine levels, but highly decreased serum bromine levels. The clinical significance of this finding requires further investigation, but it may be associated with sleep disturbances and fatigue that affect hemodialysis patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11030247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T05:18:43Z","timestamp":1678079923000},"page":"247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Serum Iodine and Bromine in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients\u2014An Observational Study in a Cohort of Portuguese Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gergana","family":"Novakova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Presian","family":"Bonev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Duro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FP-ENAS\u2014Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas Dra. Matilde Sampaio, 5200-216 Mogadouro, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas Vale do Sousa, 4560-547 Penafiel, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0539-7022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2264-5603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Couto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"TOXRUN\u2014Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8021-4783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1297-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agostinho","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0315-4","article-title":"The current and future landscape of dialysis","volume":"16","author":"Himmelfarb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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