{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T01:06:02Z","timestamp":1762391162483,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.02111.CEECIND","UIDB\/04423\/2020","UIDP\/04423\/2020","H2020-COFUND-SIRCIW","MINT-512202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.02111.CEECIND","UIDB\/04423\/2020","UIDP\/04423\/2020","H2020-COFUND-SIRCIW","MINT-512202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie COFUND Fellowship","award":["2021.02111.CEECIND","UIDB\/04423\/2020","UIDP\/04423\/2020","H2020-COFUND-SIRCIW","MINT-512202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.02111.CEECIND","UIDB\/04423\/2020","UIDP\/04423\/2020","H2020-COFUND-SIRCIW","MINT-512202"]}]},{"name":"Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (HEFCW)","award":["2021.02111.CEECIND","UIDB\/04423\/2020","UIDP\/04423\/2020","H2020-COFUND-SIRCIW","MINT-512202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.02111.CEECIND","UIDB\/04423\/2020","UIDP\/04423\/2020","H2020-COFUND-SIRCIW","MINT-512202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tributyltin (TBT) is a biocide introduced in the 1960s in antifouling paints. Despite legislation banning its use, its persistence in the environment still causes significant harm to organisms. Tributyltin is a ligand of retinoid X receptors (RXR) and ecdysteroid receptors (EcRs), which in arthropods act as homologs of RXR. Focusing on Metazoan species, this study used genomic and proteomic information from different sources to compare their three-dimensional structure, phylogenetic distribution, and amino acid sequence alterations. The objective was to identify possible patterns that relate organisms\u2019 sensitivity to TBT using the species Triops longicaudatus as the basis for the comparisons. The results showed great conservation of this protein across several species when comparing the interaction amino acids described to RXR (an EcR analog) in Homo sapiens. The three-dimensional comparison of RXR showed little conformational variation between different sequences by maintaining the interaction pocket. As for the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) curve, an HC05 = 0.2649 [0.0789\u20130.7082] \u00b5g\/L was obtained with no specific distribution between the different taxa. Protein-ligand docking analysis was then used to confirm the SSD curve ranking of species. Still, the results showed an opposite trend that may be related, for example, to differences in the LC50 values used in the calculations. This study serves as the first step for applying bioinformatics techniques to produce information that can be used as an alternative to animal or cellular experimentation. These techniques could be adapted to various chemicals and proteins, allowing for observations in a shorter timeframe and providing information on a broader spectrum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11110937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T15:30:53Z","timestamp":1700235053000},"page":"937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Toxic Relationships: Prediction of TBT\u2019s Affinity to the Ecdysteroid Receptor of Triops longicaudatus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nuno Gon\u00e7alo de Carvalho","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Chessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK"},{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel Oliveira","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2584-1482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Oliva","family":"Teles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1663-939X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Paulo","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-3783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrnes, T.A., and Dunn, R.J.K. 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