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characterization of wildland firefighters\u2019 occupational exposure must consider different exposures, including those at the fire station. The present study aimed to characterize the occupational exposure of 172 Northern Portuguese wildland firefighters in fire stations during the pre-wildfire season of 2021. The biological impact of estimated inhaled doses of PM10 and PM2.5 (indoor\/outdoor) was accessed through a buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay in exfoliated buccal cells of a subgroup of 80 firefighters. No significant association was found between estimated inhaled doses of PM10 and PM2.5 (mean 1.73 \u00b1 0.43 \u00b5g kg\u22121 and 0.53 \u00b1 0.21 \u00b5g kg\u22121, respectively) and biological endpoints. However, increased frequencies of cell death parameters were found among subjects of the Permanent Intervention Teams (full-time firefighters). The intake of nutritional supplements was associated with a significant decrease in micronucleus frequencies (i.e., DNA damage or chromosome breakage). In addition, our findings showed a significantly increased frequency of cell death endpoints (i.e., nuclear fragmentation) with coffee consumption, while daily consumption of vegetables significantly decreased it (i.e., nuclear shrinkage). Our results provide data on the occupational exposure of wildland firefighters while working in fire stations during the pre-wildfire season, providing the essential baseline for further studies throughout the wildfire season.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12030201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T05:31:19Z","timestamp":1709616679000},"page":"201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Firefighters\u2019 Occupational Exposure in Preparation for Wildfire Season: Addressing Biological Impact"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9187-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Esteves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, n\u00b0 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de 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135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n\u00b0 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6989-1169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josiana","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMO, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"SusTEC, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1658-4509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00edlia","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UICISA: E, Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6433-5801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV-Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8505-3432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"do Carmo Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE-ALiCE, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8693-5250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, n\u00b0 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do 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