{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T18:45:50Z","timestamp":1775155550677,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":408,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease prevention. In recent years, the comet assay has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage, both in environmental and occupational exposure contexts. To evidence the role of the comet assay in human biomonitoring, we have analysed original research studies of environmental or occupational exposure that used the comet assay in their assessments, following the PRISMA-ScR method (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews). Groups of chemicals were designated according to a broad classification, and the results obtained from over 300 original studies (n = 123 on air pollutants, n = 14 on anaesthetics, n = 18 on antineoplastic drugs, n = 57 on heavy metals, n = 59 on pesticides, and n = 49 on solvents) showed overall higher values of DNA strand breaks in the exposed subjects in comparison with the unexposed. In summary, our systematic scoping review strengthens the relevance of the use of the comet assay in assessing DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12040270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T08:27:52Z","timestamp":1712305672000},"page":"270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals\u2014A Systematic Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5588-0074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"Ladeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2021-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4027-4693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Giovannelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1886-1453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goran","family":"Gajski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2398-3535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Haveric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7488-6228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezgi Eyluel","family":"Bankoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97078 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4857-9931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaya","family":"Azqueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5886-4106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Geri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4168-8211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helga","family":"Stopper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97078 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3552-7711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Cab\u00eada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guarda Nacional Republicana, Destacamento Territorial de Vila Franca de Xira, N\u00facleo de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Ambiental, 1500-124 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4262-8608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda S.","family":"Tonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5916-6871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO\/HEP\/ECH\/EHD\/22.01) (2024, February 10). Compendium of WHO and Other UN Guidance on Health and Environment Geneva: World Health Organization: Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Available online: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/352844\/WHO-HEP-ECH-EHD-22.01-eng.pdf?sequence=1."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2019.1661588","article-title":"An overview of the current progress, challenges, and prospects of human biomonitoring and exposome studies","volume":"22","author":"Bocato","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part B Crit. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2023.114140","article-title":"Implementation of effect biomarkers in human biomonitoring studies: A systematic approach synergizing toxicological and epidemiological knowledge","volume":"249","author":"Mustieles","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1021\/es960920a","article-title":"Biomarkers: Coming of age for environmental health and risk assessment","volume":"31","author":"DeCaprio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1515\/aiht-2017-68-3005","article-title":"Forgotten public health impacts of cancer\u2014An overview","volume":"68","author":"Viegas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arh. Hig. Rada Toksikol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3934\/genet.2017.3.166","article-title":"The use of genotoxicity biomarkers in molecular epidemiology: Applications in environmental, occupational and dietary studies","volume":"4","author":"Ladeira","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIMS Genet."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:3<206::AID-EM8>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Single cell gel\/comet assay: Guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing","volume":"35","author":"Tice","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1385\/MB:26:3:249","article-title":"The comet assay for DNA damage and repair: Principles, applications, and limitations","volume":"26","author":"Collins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.10.002","article-title":"Investigating oxidative DNA damage and its repair using the comet assay","volume":"681","author":"Collins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gen007","article-title":"The comet assay in human biomonitoring: Gene-environment interactions","volume":"23","author":"Dusinska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20189","article-title":"Genotoxic effects in a population of nurses handling antineoplastic drugs, and relationship with genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair enzymes","volume":"48","author":"Laffon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, N., Naz, S., Ma, Y., Ullah, Q., Khan, M.Z., Wang, J., Lu, X., Luosand, D.-Z., Tabassum, S., and Chatha, A.M.M. (2023). An Overview of Comet Assay Application for Detecting DNA Damage in Aquatic Animals. Agriculture, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13030623"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-022-00754-y","article-title":"Measuring DNA modifications with the comet assay: A compendium of protocols","volume":"18","author":"Collins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1005","article-title":"The comet assay as a rapid test in biomonitoring occupational exposure to DNA-damaging agents and effect of confounding factors","volume":"9","author":"Moller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20501","article-title":"Evaluation of a suitable DNA damage biomarker for human biomonitoring of exposed workers","volume":"50","author":"Cavallo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2019.02.002","article-title":"The comet assay for human biomonitoring: Effect of cryopreservation on DNA damage in different blood cell preparations","volume":"843","author":"Ladeira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2008.11.001","article-title":"Environmental and occupational biomonitoring using the Comet assay","volume":"681","author":"Valverde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo, C., Acito, M., Fatigoni, C., Villarini, M., and Moretti, M. (2020). B-Comet Assay (Comet Assay on Buccal Cells) for the Evaluation of Primary DNA Damage in Human Biomonitoring Studies. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249234"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2019.04.002","article-title":"The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales\u2014(Part 2 Vertebrates). Mutation research","volume":"781","author":"Gajski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2019.02.003","article-title":"The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales\u2014(Part 1 Invertebrates). Mutation research","volume":"779","author":"Gajski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3817","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0398-1","article-title":"Minimum Information for Reporting on the Comet Assay (MIRCA): Recommendations for describing comet assay procedures and results","volume":"15","author":"Moller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gianfredi, V., Nucci, D., Fatigoni, C., Salvatori, T., Villarini, M., and Moretti, M. (2020). Extent of Primary DNA Damage Measured by the Comet Assay in Health Professionals Exposed to Antineoplastic Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17020523"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/10773525.2015.1123380","article-title":"Applicability of the comet assay in evaluation of DNA damage in healthcare providers\u2019 working with antineoplastic drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Hajaghazadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geu035","article-title":"Applications of the comet assay in particle toxicology: Air pollution and engineered nanomaterials exposure","volume":"30","author":"Moller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(03)00017-6","article-title":"Use of the single cell gel electrophoresis\/comet assay for detecting DNA damage in aquatic (marine and freshwater) animals","volume":"544","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2307\/3577587","article-title":"Heterogeneity in radiation-induced DNA damage and repair in tumor and normal cells measured using the \u201ccomet\u201d assay","volume":"122","author":"Olive","year":"1990","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-007-9043-9","article-title":"Comet Assay measurements: A perspective","volume":"25","author":"Kumaravel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-20-00167","article-title":"Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews","volume":"18","author":"Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBI Evid. Synth."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Aromataris, E., and Munn, Z. (2023, April 12). Jonna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Available online: https:\/\/synthesismanual.jbi.global."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins, J.P.T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M.J., and Welch, V.A. (2020). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.0, Cochrane. (Updated 2020).","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz078","article-title":"Air pollution: The emergence of a major global health risk factor","volume":"11","author":"Boogaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Health"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Dandotiya, B. (2019). Climate Change and Its Impact on Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, IGI Global."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00014","article-title":"Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review","volume":"8","author":"Manisalidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023, December 17). WHO Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/air-pollution\/who-air-quality-database."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13286","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.24.13286","article-title":"National Burden of Disease in India from Indoor Air Pollution","volume":"97","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22193","article-title":"Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure, lung function, systemic inflammation, and genotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from firefighters before and after a work shift","volume":"59","author":"Andersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17998","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97382-5","article-title":"Occupational exposure and markers of genetic damage, systemic inflammation and lung function: A Danish cross-sectional study among air force personnel","volume":"11","author":"Andersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-10-23","article-title":"Integrated exposure assessment of sewage workers to genotoxicants: An urinary biomarker approach and oxidative stress evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Ferrari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-012-0961-9","article-title":"Assessment of immunotoxicity and genotoxicity in workers exposed to low concentrations of formaldehyde","volume":"87","author":"Aydin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2013.773586","article-title":"Lymphocyte DNA damage in Turkish asphalt workers detected by the comet assay","volume":"24","author":"Bacaksiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Health Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.08.007","article-title":"Oxidative damage to biological macromolecules in Prague bus drivers and garagemen: Impact of air pollution and genetic polymorphisms","volume":"199","author":"Bagryantseva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111209","article-title":"Changes in genotoxicity, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters of workers in marble processing plants","volume":"197","author":"Becit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7772-0","article-title":"Association between inflammation processes, DNA damage, and exposure to environmental pollutants","volume":"24","author":"Barth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-013-0843-6","article-title":"Assessment of genotoxic and humoral immune system alterations in silica exposed workers from pottery industries in South India","volume":"28","author":"Balamuralikrishnan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4137\/EHI.S38344","article-title":"DNA Damage among Wood Workers Assessed with the Comet Assay","volume":"10","author":"Bruschweiler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Insights"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(02)00108-0","article-title":"Biomonitoring of exposure to urban air pollutants: Analysis of sister chromatid exchanges and DNA lesions in peripheral lymphocytes of traffic policemen","volume":"518","author":"Carere","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"211","article-title":"Sister chromatid exchange and oxidative DNA damage in paving workers exposed to PAHs","volume":"50","author":"Cavallo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.03.003","article-title":"Occupational exposure in airport personnel: Characterization and evaluation of genotoxic and oxidative effects","volume":"223","author":"Cavallo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1080\/17435390.2022.2149359","article-title":"A follow-up study on workers involved in the graphene production process after the introduction of exposure mitigation measures: Evaluation of genotoxic and oxidative effects","volume":"16","author":"Cavallo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2005.08.013","article-title":"Influence of environmental exposure to PAHs on the susceptibility of lymphocytes to DNA-damage induction and on their repair capacity","volume":"588","author":"Wiechec","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2007.03.004","article-title":"Exposure to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Influences on cellular susceptibility to DNA damage (sampling Kosice and Sofia)","volume":"620","author":"Pawlyk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2007.03.005","article-title":"Repair competence assay in studies of the influence of environmental exposure to c-PAHs on individual susceptibility to induction of DNA damage","volume":"620","author":"Binkova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2022.503572","article-title":"Genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to glass fibres\u2014A human biomonitoring study","volume":"885","author":"Ceppi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0291","article-title":"Association of polymorphisms in AhR, CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genes with levels of DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes among coke-oven workers","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.09.010","article-title":"Occupational exposure and DNA strand breakage of workers in bottom ash recovery and fly ash treatment plants","volume":"174","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-0763","article-title":"Suboptimal DNA repair capacity predisposes coke-oven workers to accumulate more chromosomal damages in peripheral lymphocytes","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. Publ. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. Cosponsored Am. Soc. Prev. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.46.174","article-title":"Oxidative damage of workers in secondary metal recovery plants affected by smoking status and joining the smelting work","volume":"46","author":"Chia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ind. Health"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2008.07.056","article-title":"Genotoxic damage in pathology anatomy laboratory workers exposed to formaldehyde","volume":"252","author":"Costa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2011.582293","article-title":"Occupational exposure to formaldehyde: Genotoxic risk evaluation by comet assay and micronucleus test using human peripheral lymphocytes","volume":"74","author":"Costa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gev002","article-title":"Increased levels of chromosomal aberrations and DNA damage in a group of workers exposed to formaldehyde","volume":"30","author":"Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2280(2000)36:2<151::AID-EM10>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Absence of significant genotoxicity in lymphocytes and urine from workers exposed to moderate levels of cobalt-containing dust: A cross-sectional study","volume":"36","author":"Lardau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2015-102919","article-title":"Long-term exposure to diesel engine exhaust induces primary DNA damage: A population-based study","volume":"73","author":"Duan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2013.818238","article-title":"Biomonitoring study of dry-cleaning workers using cytogenetic tests and the comet assay","volume":"10","author":"Everatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"645","article-title":"Assessment of occupational genotoxic risk among Brazilian hairdressers","volume":"52","author":"Galiotte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.07.009","article-title":"Association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms with DNA damage in coal-tar workers","volume":"409","author":"Giri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"3085","article-title":"Evaluation of Genotoxic Effects of Formaldehyde in Adult Albino Rats and Its Implication In Case of Human Exposure","volume":"9","author":"Gomaa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Life Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2014.05.008","article-title":"Evaluation of genotoxicity in workers exposed to benzene and atmospheric pollutants","volume":"770","author":"Goethel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6868","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04179-1","article-title":"Carbon load in airway macrophages, DNA damage and lung function in taxi drivers exposed to traffic-related air pollution","volume":"26","author":"Mehrparvar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2012.04.004","article-title":"Genetic variations of CYP2B6 gene were associated with plasma BPDE-Alb adducts and DNA damage levels in coke oven workers","volume":"211","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"38","article-title":"DNA damage in Mexican children living in high-risk contaminated scenarios","volume":"518\u2013519","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2009.09.011","article-title":"Genomic damages in peripheral blood lymphocytes and association with polymorphisms of three glutathione S-transferases in workers exposed to formaldehyde","volume":"695","author":"Jiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6580.128785","article-title":"Tobacco dust induced genotoxicity as an occupational hazard in workers of bidi making cottage industry of central India","volume":"21","author":"Khanna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Int."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2020.1791253","article-title":"DNA damage analysis concerning GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphism in gold jewellery workers from Peshawar Pakistan","volume":"25","author":"Khisroon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233717712408","article-title":"Assessment of DNA damage in blood lymphocytes of bakery workers by comet assay","volume":"33","author":"Kianmehr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2005.03.004","article-title":"Genotoxic damage in mine workers exposed to diesel exhaust, and the effects of glutathione transferase genotypes","volume":"583","author":"Knudsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2012.05.005","article-title":"Detection of DNA damage in workers exposed to JP-8 jet fuel","volume":"747","author":"Krieg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-47572012000600022","article-title":"Susceptibility to DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides, to tannery chemicals and to coal dust during mining","volume":"35","author":"Kvitko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/13547500400015618","article-title":"Associations between XRCC1 and ERCC2 polymorphisms and DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocyte among coke oven workers","volume":"9","author":"Leng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.10.049","article-title":"Assessment of DNA damage in coal open-cast mining workers using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus test and the comet assay","volume":"409","author":"Hartmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.12.067","article-title":"Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in mechanics occupationally exposed to diesel engine exhaust","volume":"171","author":"Trindade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.12-0288-OA","article-title":"Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and genetic damage in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of plywood workers","volume":"55","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/23.2.273","article-title":"Analysis of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2\u2019-deoxyguanosine and DNA strand breaks in white blood cells of occupationally exposed workers: Comparison with ambient monitoring, urinary metabolites and enzyme polymorphisms","volume":"23","author":"Marczynski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327109359635","article-title":"Detection of DNA strand breaks by comet assay in sputum leucocytes of bitumen-exposed workers: A pilot study","volume":"29","author":"Marczynski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-011-0682-5","article-title":"DNA adducts and strand breaks in workers exposed to vapours and aerosols of bitumen: Associations between exposure and effect","volume":"85","author":"Marczynski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moretti, M., Dell\u2019Omo, M., Villarini, M., Pastorelli, R., Muzi, G., Airoldi, L., and Pasquini, R. (2007). Primary DNA damage and genetic polymorphisms for CYP1A1, EPHX and GSTM1 in workers at a graphite electrode manufacturing plant. BMC Public Health, 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-270"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2007.05.013","article-title":"Impact of air pollution and genotype variability on DNA damage in Prague policemen","volume":"172","author":"Novotna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2005.08.004","article-title":"Comparison of immunnological and genotoxicological parameters in automobile emission inspectors exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"21","author":"Oh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233715584250","article-title":"Evaluation of genotoxicity in workers exposed to low levels of formaldehyde in a furniture manufacturing facility","volume":"32","author":"Peteffi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5343-4","article-title":"Environmental and biological monitoring of occupational formaldehyde exposure resulting from the use of products for hair straightening","volume":"23","author":"Peteffi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-018-1320-9","article-title":"Associations between sperm quality, DNA damage, and CYP1A1, GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms with 1-hydroxypyrene urinary levels in men occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"91","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gen053","article-title":"Genetic damage in wood dust-exposed workers","volume":"24","author":"Rekhadevi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2013.08.006","article-title":"Genetic and oxidative damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes in workers with occupational exposure to coal","volume":"758","author":"Rohr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233710374463","article-title":"Evaluation of DNA damage in construction-site workers occupationally exposed to welding fumes and solvent-based paints in Turkey","volume":"26","author":"Sardas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(02)00195-9","article-title":"BIOMarkers for occupational diesel exhaust exposure monitoring (BIOMODEM)\u2014A study in underground mining","volume":"134","author":"Scheepers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"875","article-title":"DNA damage induction and repair inhibition among building construction workers in South India","volume":"11","author":"Sellappa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"713","article-title":"Cytogenetic biomonitoring of road paving workers occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"12","author":"Sellappa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.10.165","article-title":"Increased levels of etheno-DNA adducts and genotoxicity biomarkers of long-term exposure to pure diesel engine exhaust","volume":"543","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2002.006643","article-title":"Association between urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and genotoxic effects in coke oven workers","volume":"61","author":"Siwinska","year":"2004","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(03)00095-0","article-title":"DNA damage in T- and B-lymphocytes and granulocytes in emission inspection and incineration workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"538","author":"Sul","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2005.08.015","article-title":"DNA damage in leukocytes of workers occupationally exposed to 1-bromopropane","volume":"603","author":"Toraason","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2005.019802","article-title":"DNA damage in outdoor workers occupationally exposed to environmental air pollutants","volume":"63","author":"Tovalin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.37.2.2848","article-title":"Assessment of DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners","volume":"37","author":"Ullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pak. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4878(00)00065-X","article-title":"Biological monitoring the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of coke oven workers in relation to smoking and genetic polymorphisms for GSTM1 and GSTT1","volume":"45","author":"Steenwinkel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390802328580","article-title":"Evaluation of primary DNA damage, cytogenetic biomarkers and genetic polymorphisms for CYP1A1 and GSTM1 in road tunnel construction workers","volume":"71","author":"Villarini","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674142","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.674142","article-title":"Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Occupational Settings: Effect and Susceptibility Biomarkers in Workers From Lisbon Restaurants and Bars","volume":"9","author":"Vital","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.030445","article-title":"Association between plasma BPDE-Alb adduct concentrations and DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes among coke oven workers","volume":"64","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0270","article-title":"Genetic variants of nucleotide excision repair genes are associated with DNA damage in coke oven workers","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.11-0074-OA","article-title":"Elevated oxidative damage in kitchen workers in Chinese restaurants","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2010.08.002","article-title":"Genotoxic effects of occupational exposure measured in lymphocytes of waste-incinerator workers","volume":"720","author":"Wultsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10104","article-title":"Using lymphocyte and plasma Hsp70 as biomarkers for assessing coke oven exposure among steel workers","volume":"115","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57277","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-19828-1","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, long non-coding RNA expression, and DNA damage in coke oven workers","volume":"29","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115956","article-title":"Global H3K79 di-methylation mediates DNA damage response to PAH exposure in Chinese coke oven workers","volume":"268","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248.2017.1343335","article-title":"DNA damage in workers exposed to formaldehyde at concentrations below occupational exposure limits","volume":"99","author":"Zendehdel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Environ. Chem."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31183","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3077-9","article-title":"Estimation of formaldehyde occupational exposure limit based on genetic damage in some Iranian exposed workers using benchmark dose method","volume":"25","author":"Zendehdel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327117728385","article-title":"Genetic variation and risk of DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Iranian formaldehyde-exposed workers","volume":"37","author":"Zendehdel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2016.11.007","article-title":"Increased methylation of repetitive elements and DNA repair genes is associated with higher DNA oxidation in children in an urbanized, industrial environment","volume":"813","author":"Mugica","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-019-0306-4","article-title":"Health effects of exposure to diesel exhaust in diesel-powered trains","volume":"16","author":"Andersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgh353","article-title":"Ultrafine particulate matter and high-level benzene urban air pollution in relation to oxidative DNA damage","volume":"26","author":"Avogbe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2009.10.001","article-title":"Assessment of DNA damage in children exposed to indoor tobacco smoke","volume":"213","author":"Beyoglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geac016","article-title":"A pilot biomonitoring study of air pollution in the urban area of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina: Genotoxicity assessment in buccal cells","volume":"38","author":"Cetkovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.45.376","article-title":"Effects of hair dyeing on DNA damage in human lymphocytes","volume":"45","author":"Cho","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2015.04.007","article-title":"Personal exposure to PM2.5, genetic variants and DNA damage: A multi-center population-based study in Chinese","volume":"235","author":"Chu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2009.05.001","article-title":"Genetic biomonitoring of an urban population exposed to mutagenic airborne pollutants","volume":"35","author":"Coronas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.09.084","article-title":"Evaluation of area contaminated by wood treatment activities: Genetic markers in the environment and in the child population","volume":"144","author":"Coronas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2008.04.001","article-title":"Oxidatively damaged DNA and its repair after experimental exposure to wood smoke in healthy humans","volume":"642","author":"Danielsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2014.11.006","article-title":"Characterization of an area of reference for inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5) associated with genetic biomonitoring in children","volume":"778","author":"Rossato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-9-7","article-title":"Controlled human wood smoke exposure: Oxidative stress, inflammation and microvascular function","volume":"9","author":"Forchhammer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph5050349","article-title":"Genotoxicity in child populations exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air from Tabasco, Mexico","volume":"5","author":"Gamboa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2014.06.034","article-title":"Genetic variants in SMARC genes are associated with DNA damage levels in Chinese population","volume":"229","author":"Gong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002340","article-title":"Association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and sperm DNA damage: A population study in Chongqing, China","volume":"119","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2015.03.009","article-title":"Controlled exposure to diesel exhaust and traffic noise\u2014Effects on oxidative stress and activation in mononuclear blood cells","volume":"775","author":"Hemmingsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hisamuddin, N.H., Jalaludin, J., Abu Bakar, S., and Latif, M.T. (2022). The Influence of Environmental Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Exposure on DNA Damage among School Children in Urban Traffic Area, Malaysia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042193"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.5572\/ajae.2019.13.2.106","article-title":"Association of Traffic-Related Air Pollution (TRAP) with DNA Damage and Respiratory Health Symptoms among Primary School Children in Selangor","volume":"13","author":"Ismail","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J. Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1002\/em.21877","article-title":"Biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation after wood smoke exposure in a reconstructed Viking Age house","volume":"55","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1174","article-title":"A battery of DNA effect biomarkers to evaluate environmental exposure of Flemish adolescents","volume":"27","author":"Koppen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol. JAT"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110002","article-title":"Pooled analysis of genotoxicity markers in relation to exposure in the Flemish Environment and Health Studies (FLEHS) between 1999 and 2018","volume":"190","author":"Koppen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109443","article-title":"Integrated study of genotoxicity biomarkers in schoolchildren and inhalable particles in areas under petrochemical influence","volume":"188","author":"Lemos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115773","article-title":"Exposure to coal mining can lead to imbalanced levels of inorganic elements and DNA damage in individuals living near open-pit mining sites","volume":"227","author":"Vargas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2010.02.006","article-title":"Micronucleus formation, DNA damage and repair in premenopausal women chronically exposed to high level of indoor air pollution from biomass fuel use in rural India","volume":"697","author":"Mondal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2011.04.003","article-title":"Assessment of DNA damage by comet assay and fast halo assay in buccal epithelial cells of Indian women chronically exposed to biomass smoke","volume":"214","author":"Mondal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1748","article-title":"Chronic inhalation of biomass smoke is associated with DNA damage in airway cells: Involvement of particulate pollutants and benzene","volume":"33","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol. JAT"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2014.06.010","article-title":"Increased oxidative DNA damage and decreased expression of base excision repair proteins in airway epithelial cells of women who cook with biomass fuels","volume":"38","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327114559992","article-title":"Oxidative stress and air pollution exposure during pregnancy: A molecular assessment","volume":"34","author":"Nagiah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/em.10188","article-title":"Association between atmospheric ozone levels and damage to human nasal mucosa in Florence, Italy","volume":"42","author":"Pacini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20106","article-title":"DNA damage in lymphocytes of rural Indian women exposed to biomass fuel smoke as assessed by the Comet assay","volume":"45","author":"Pandey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-014-9999-4","article-title":"Genotoxic and hematological effects in children exposed to a chemical mixture in a petrochemical area in Mexico","volume":"67","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2012.12.029","article-title":"Toxicogenetic monitoring in urban cities exposed to different airborne contaminants","volume":"90","author":"Pereira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2006.206","article-title":"Genetic damage induced by accidental environmental pollutants","volume":"6","author":"Laffon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2280(2000)36:3<243::AID-EM8>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Effects of air pollution and smoking on DNA damage of human lymphocytes","volume":"36","author":"Piperakis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(00)00035-8","article-title":"Evaluation of DNA damage in exfoliated tear duct epithelial cells from individuals exposed to air pollution assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis assay","volume":"468","author":"Rojas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2011.12.006","article-title":"Environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and DNA damage in Mexican children","volume":"742","author":"Rothenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-012-0250-y","article-title":"DNA damage in children exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke and its association with oxidative stress","volume":"49","author":"Shermatov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sopian, N.A., Jalaludin, J., Abu Bakar, S., Hamedon, T.R., and Latif, M.T. (2021). Exposure to Particulate PAHs on Potential Genotoxicity and Cancer Risk among School Children Living Near the Petrochemical Industry. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052575"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.10.039","article-title":"Indoor air pollution in a Mexican indigenous community: Evaluation of risk reduction program using biomarkers of exposure and effect","volume":"390","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1244","article-title":"Seasonal variations in spontaneous levels of DNA damage; implication in the risk assessment of environmental chemicals","volume":"27","author":"Verschaeve","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol. JAT"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7562","article-title":"Personal exposure to ultrafine particles and oxidative DNA damage","volume":"113","author":"Vinzents","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2007.02.007","article-title":"Influence of industrial sources on children\u2019s health\u2014Hot spot studies in North Rhine Westphalia, Germany","volume":"210","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.06.003","article-title":"Associations among genetic susceptibility, DNA damage, and pregnancy outcomes of expectant mothers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke","volume":"386","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zani, C., Ceretti, E., Zerbini, I., Viola, G.C.V., Donato, F., Gelatti, U., and Feretti, D. (2020). Comet Test in Saliva Leukocytes of Pre-School Children Exposed to Air Pollution in North Italy: The Respira Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093276"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zani Zani, C., Ceretti, E., Feretti, D., Villarini, M., Moretti, M., Verani, M., De Donno, A., Bonetta, S., Buschini, A., and Bonetti, A. (2021). Winter Air Pollution and Genotoxic Effects in Children Living in a Highly Polluted Urban Area. Atmosphere, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12091191"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/ger016","article-title":"Assessment of genotoxic effects and changes in gene expression in humans exposed to formaldehyde by inhalation under controlled conditions","volume":"26","author":"Zeller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2017.185","article-title":"Health Effects Associated With Exposure to Anesthetic Gas Nitrous Oxide-N(2)O in Clinical Hospital\u2014Shtip Personel","volume":"5","author":"Eftimova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.7.4.447","article-title":"Genotoxic effects of anesthetic agents","volume":"7","author":"Fodale","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2011.586627","article-title":"Genotoxic effects of anesthetic agents: An update","volume":"10","author":"Schifilliti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2023.06.007","article-title":"Exposure to anesthetic gases in the operating rooms and assessment of non-carcinogenic risk among health care workers","volume":"11","author":"Kiani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.08.029","article-title":"Exposure to anesthetic gases among operating room personnel and risk of genotoxicity: A systematic review of the human biomonitoring studies","volume":"35","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Alvarez, J.M., Escribano-Sanchez, G., Osuna, E., Molina-Rodriguez, A., Diaz-Agea, J.L., and Garcia-Sanchez, A. (2023). Occupational Exposure to Inhalational Anesthetics and Teratogenic Effects: A Systematic Review. Healthcare, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11060883"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.177883","article-title":"Anaesthesia practice and reproductive outcomes: Facts unveiled","volume":"60","author":"Nagella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2004.01032.x","article-title":"Health risks and occupational exposure to volatile anaesthetics\u2014A review with a systematic approach","volume":"14","author":"Nilsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2018.10.002","article-title":"Monitoring early cell damage in physicians who are occupationally exposed to inhalational anesthetics","volume":"812","author":"Aun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2008.09.103","article-title":"Oxidative status and DNA damage in operating room personnel","volume":"42","author":"Baysal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gel029","article-title":"Evaluation of genetic damage in operating room personnel exposed to anaesthetic gases","volume":"21","author":"Chandrasekhar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327111426584","article-title":"Assessment of genotoxicity risk in operation room personnel by the alkaline comet assay","volume":"32","author":"Abuelfadl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71774","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-20444-2","article-title":"High anesthetic (isoflurane) indoor pollution is associated with genetic instability, cytotoxicity, and proliferative alterations in professionals working in a veterinary hospital","volume":"29","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.M8012","article-title":"Assessment of genotoxic damage in nurses occupationally exposed to anaesthetic gases or antineoplastic drugs by the comet assay","volume":"51","author":"Izdes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2010.486421","article-title":"DNA damage, glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity in anesthesia nurses","volume":"65","author":"Izdes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Occup. Health"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2020-106561","article-title":"Polymorphism in GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes influence DNA damage in personnel occupationally exposed to volatile anaesthetics (VA), from Peshawar, Pakistan","volume":"77","author":"Khisroon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2007.09.001","article-title":"Genotoxic effects of anaesthetics in operating theatre personnel evaluated by the comet assay and micronucleus test","volume":"212","author":"Rozgaj","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-006-0115-6","article-title":"The role of antioxidant supplementation in occupational exposure to waste anaesthetic gases","volume":"80","author":"Sardas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2016.09.002","article-title":"Occupational exposure to anesthetics leads to genomic instability, cytotoxicity and proliferative changes","volume":"791\u2013792","author":"Souza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_184","first-page":"369","article-title":"Genotoxicity of inhalation anaesthetics: DNA lesions generated by sevoflurane in vitro and in vivo","volume":"45","author":"Szyfter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s13353-015-0329-y","article-title":"Exposure to volatile anaesthetics is not followed by a massive induction of single-strand DNA breaks in operation theatre personnel","volume":"57","author":"Szyfter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.03.012","article-title":"DNA damage induced by nitrous oxide: Study in medical personnel of operating rooms","volume":"666","author":"Palus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2011.10.010","article-title":"Oxidative DNA damage and oxidative stress in subjects occupationally exposed to nitrous oxide (N(2)O)","volume":"731","author":"Nofer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mutat Res."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.56.6.354","article-title":"Preventing occupational exposures to antineoplastic drugs in health care settings","volume":"56","author":"Connor","year":"2006","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70286-9","article-title":"A review of human carcinogens\u2014Part A: Pharmaceuticals","volume":"10","author":"Grosse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_190","unstructured":"CDC (2023, May 08). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Available online: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/2004."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2008.10.001","article-title":"Assessment of genotoxic risks in Croatian health care workers occupationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs: A multi-biomarker approach","volume":"212","author":"Kopjar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6580.94510","article-title":"Monitoring of oxidative stress in nurses occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs","volume":"19","author":"Mahboob","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Int."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.59.9.608","article-title":"Occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs in two UK oncology wards","volume":"59","author":"Ziegler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_194","first-page":"455","article-title":"Association of antineoplastic drug handling with acute adverse effects in pharmacy personnel","volume":"50","author":"Valanis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_195","first-page":"271","article-title":"Leukemia from dermal exposure to cyclophosphamide among nurses in The Netherlands: Quantitative assessment of the risk","volume":"58","author":"Fransman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/16.1.71","article-title":"Application of the alkaline comet assay in human biomonitoring for genotoxicity: A study on Croatian medical personnel handling antineoplastic drugs","volume":"16","author":"Kopjar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_197","first-page":"855","article-title":"Leukaemia and reproductive outcome among nurses handling antineoplastic drugs","volume":"49","author":"Skov","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.1997.3.4.254","article-title":"Occupational Risk Factors for Breast Cancer among Nurses","volume":"3","author":"Gunnarsdottir","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ratner, P.A., Spinelli, J.J., Beking, K., Lorenzi, M., Chow, Y., Teschke, K., Le, N.D., Gallagher, R.P., and Dimich-Ward, H. (2010). Cancer incidence and adverse pregnancy outcome in registered nurses potentially exposed to antineoplastic drugs. BMC Nurs., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6955-9-15"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(00)00107-8","article-title":"Follow-up study of the genetic damage in lymphocytes of pharmacists and nurses handling antineoplastic drugs evaluated by cytokinesis-block micronuclei analysis and single cell gel electrophoresis assay","volume":"471","author":"Maluf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-006-0111-x","article-title":"Evaluation of early DNA damage in healthcare workers handling antineoplastic drugs","volume":"80","author":"Ursini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.48.517","article-title":"Genotoxic risks to nurses from contamination of the work environment with antineoplastic drugs in Japan","volume":"48","author":"Yoshida","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gem032","article-title":"Genotoxicity assessment in oncology nurses handling anti-neoplastic drugs","volume":"22","author":"Rekhadevi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2007.08.017","article-title":"Molecular biomonitoring of a population of nurses handling antineoplastic drugs","volume":"638","author":"Cornetta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gen060","article-title":"Occupational risk assessment of genotoxicity and oxidative stress in workers handling anti-neoplastic drugs during a working week","volume":"24","author":"Rombaldi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.50.7","article-title":"Assessment of DNA damage in Japanese nurses handling antineoplastic drugs by the comet assay","volume":"50","author":"Sasaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181f72b63","article-title":"Evaluation of antineoplastic drug exposure of health care workers at three university-based US cancer centers","volume":"52","author":"Connor","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geq102","article-title":"Assessment of primary, oxidative and excision repaired DNA damage in hospital personnel handling antineoplastic drugs","volume":"26","author":"Villarini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101475","article-title":"Multicentre study for the evaluation of mutagenic\/carcinogenic risk in nurses exposed to antineoplastic drugs: Assessment of DNA damage","volume":"70","author":"Buschini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3934\/genet.2015.3.204","article-title":"Relation between DNA damage measured by comet assay and OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism in antineoplastic drugs biomonitoring","volume":"2","author":"Ladeira","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIMS Genet."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.33808\/clinexphealthsci.563988","article-title":"Evaluation of Genotoxicity Risk in Health Care Workers Exposed to Antineoplastic Drugs","volume":"9","author":"Oltulu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s43188-019-00003-7","article-title":"Genotoxic evaluation of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs","volume":"36","author":"Castillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2021-107913","article-title":"Effect of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs on DNA damage in nurses: A cross-sectional study","volume":"79","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2006.02.003","article-title":"Detecting the cytogenetic effects in workers occupationally exposed to vincristine with four genetic tests","volume":"599","author":"Hongping","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omrane, F., Gargouri, I., Khadhraoui, M., Elleuch, B., and Zmirou-Navier, D. (2018). Risk assessment of occupational exposure to heavy metal mixtures: A study protocol. BMC Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5191-5"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.44692","article-title":"Minor heavy metal: A review on occupational and environmental intoxication","volume":"12","author":"Wiwanitkit","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian. J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_217","first-page":"133","article-title":"Heavy metal toxicity and the environment","volume":"101","author":"Tchounwou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2018.11.006","article-title":"Assessment of DNA damage in welders using comet and micronucleus assays","volume":"843","author":"Aksu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-010-0562-y","article-title":"Evaluation of the genetic alterations in direct and indirect exposures of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in leather tanning industry workers North Arcot District, South India","volume":"83","author":"Balachandar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_220","first-page":"12","article-title":"Lead Induced Oxidative DNA Damage among the Occupationally Exposed Workers: A Case-Control Study","volume":"14","author":"Batra","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1002\/em.10102","article-title":"Genotoxic risk and oxidative DNA damage in workers exposed to antimony trioxide","volume":"40","author":"Cavallo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11469","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3128-9","article-title":"Assessment of genotoxic effects of lead in occupationally exposed workers","volume":"21","author":"Chinde","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2013.08.014","article-title":"Genotoxic effect of exposure to metal(loid)s. A molecular epidemiology survey of populations living and working in Panasqueira mine area, Portugal","volume":"60","author":"Coelho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(03)00054-4","article-title":"DNA damage in workers exposed to lead using comet assay","volume":"187","author":"Danadevi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geh001","article-title":"Genotoxic evaluation of welders occupationally exposed to chromium and nickel using the Comet and micronucleus assays","volume":"19","author":"Danadevi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233711422735","article-title":"Occupational genotoxicity among copper smelters","volume":"28","author":"Boufleur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0274(200009)38:3<330::AID-AJIM13>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"DNA damage and repair in cells of lead exposed people","volume":"38","author":"Restrepo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(02)00012-8","article-title":"Lead induced DNA strand breaks in lymphocytes of exposed workers: Role of reactive oxygen species and protein kinase C","volume":"515","author":"Fracasso","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(03)00088-X","article-title":"Primary DNA damage in chrome-plating workers","volume":"188","author":"Gambelunghe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2011.01.001","article-title":"Biomonitoring of a population of Portuguese workers exposed to lead","volume":"721","author":"Vilares","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2010.01.005","article-title":"Genotoxicity evaluation in workers occupationally exposed to lead","volume":"213","author":"Grover","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Franco, P., Maldonado-Vega, M., Calder\u00f3n-Salinas, J.V., Rojas, E., and Valverde, M. (2022). Role of Ape1 in Impaired DNA Repair Capacity in Battery Recycling Plant Workers Exposed to Lead. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19137961"},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gei058","article-title":"Risk assessment of welders using analysis of eight metals by ICP-MS in blood and urine and DNA damage evaluation by the comet and micronucleus assays; influence of XRCC1 and XRCC3 polymorphisms","volume":"20","author":"Iarmarcovai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-011-0726-4","article-title":"Evaluation of genotoxic effects of lead in pottery-glaze workers using micronucleus assay, alkaline comet assay and DNA diffusion assay","volume":"85","author":"Rozgaj","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_235","first-page":"339","article-title":"Biomonitoring findings for occupational lead exposure in battery and ceramic tile workers using biochemical markers, alkaline comet assay, and micronucleus test coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridisation","volume":"71","author":"Pizent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arh. Hig. Rada Toksikol."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2013.787964","article-title":"Evaluation of DNA damage using 3 comet assay parameters in workers occupationally exposed to lead","volume":"70","author":"Yavuz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Occup. Health"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02281-x","article-title":"Scalp Hair Metal Analysis Concerning DNA Damage in Welders of Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan","volume":"199","author":"Khisroon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_238","first-page":"41","article-title":"Assessment of DNA\/Chromosome Damage in the Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Workers Exposed to Indium Compounds","volume":"157","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.011","article-title":"Investigating DNA damage in tannery workers occupationally exposed to trivalent chromium using comet assay","volume":"654","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2010.01.009","article-title":"Cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus cytome and comet assays in peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to lead considering folate and vitamin B12 status","volume":"697","author":"Minozzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2020.1731527","article-title":"Occupational risk assessment of exposure to metals in chrome plating workers","volume":"45","author":"Muller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_242","first-page":"231","article-title":"Level of DNA damage in lead-exposed workers","volume":"17","author":"Kasperczyk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(03)00167-0","article-title":"Genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to lead and cadmium","volume":"540","author":"Palus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20132","article-title":"DNA damage in leukocytes of workers occupationally exposed to arsenic in copper smelters","volume":"46","author":"Palus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9645","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-8657-6","article-title":"Oxidative stress and early DNA damage in workers exposed to iron-rich metal fumes","volume":"24","author":"Pandeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/64682","article-title":"Oxidative damage of DNA in subjects occupationally exposed to lead","volume":"26","author":"Pawlas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_247","first-page":"83","article-title":"Biomonitoring of human exposure to prestige oil: Effects on DNA and endocrine parameters","volume":"2","author":"Lafuente","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Health Insights"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.02.254","article-title":"Evaluation of DNA damage in traffic police wardens of Pakistan due to cadmium and zinc","volume":"630","author":"Rashid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233715590518","article-title":"Assessment of DNA damage as an index of genetic toxicity in welding microenvironments among iron-based industries","volume":"32","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.027","article-title":"Genomic instability in adult men involved in processing electronic waste in Northern China","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8682","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-8569-5","article-title":"Possible role of zinc in diminishing lead-related occupational stress-a zinc nutrition concern","volume":"24","author":"Wani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20229","article-title":"Evaluation of micronucleus frequencies and DNA damage in glass workers exposed to arsenic","volume":"47","author":"Vuyyuri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X.H., Zhang, X., Wang, X.C., Jin, L.F., Yang, Z.P., Jiang, C.X., Chen, Q., Ren, X.B., Cao, J.Z., and Wang, Q. (2011). Chronic occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium causes DNA damage in electroplating workers. BMC Public Health, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-224"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.03.016","article-title":"Evaluating the genotoxic effects of workers exposed to lead using micronucleus assay, comet assay and TCR gene mutation test","volume":"223","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9008","article-title":"Arsenic exposure is associated with decreased DNA repair in vitro and in individuals exposed to drinking water arsenic","volume":"114","author":"Andrew","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23478","article-title":"DNA repair deficiency leads to susceptibility to develop arsenic-induced premalignant skin lesions","volume":"123","author":"Banerjee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2005.05.001","article-title":"Assessment of DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals susceptible to arsenic induced toxicity in West Bengal, India","volume":"159","author":"Basu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10961","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04527-1","article-title":"Genetic damage in human populations at mining sites in the upper basin of the San Jorge River, Colombia","volume":"26","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2020.1854645","article-title":"Evaluation of environmental effects of heavy metals on biochemical profile and oxidative stress among children at brick kiln sites","volume":"76","author":"David","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Occup. Health"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.10.012","article-title":"Environmental exposure to human carcinogens in teenagers and the association with DNA damage","volume":"152","author":"Franken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-011-9237-0","article-title":"DNA damage and decreased DNA repair in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in individuals exposed to arsenic and lead in a mining site","volume":"146","author":"Carrizales","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.5630030305","article-title":"An integrated health risk assessment approach to the study of mining sites contaminated with arsenic and lead","volume":"3","author":"Carrizales","year":"2007","journal-title":"Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag."},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.04.063","article-title":"Assessment of health risks with reference to oxidative stress and DNA damage in chromium exposed population","volume":"430","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2013.01.011","article-title":"Biomonitoring a human population inhabiting nearby a deactivated uranium mine","volume":"305","author":"Pereira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1454.027","article-title":"Genotoxic effects of environmental exposure to arsenic and lead on children in region Lagunera, Mexico","volume":"1140","author":"Gomez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfq173","article-title":"Arsenic induces DNA damage in environmentally exposed Mexican children and adults. Influence of GSTO1 and AS3MT polymorphisms","volume":"117","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04822-4","article-title":"Renal function, cytogenetic measurements, and sexual development in adolescents in relation to environmental pollutants: A feasibility study of biomarkers","volume":"357","author":"Staessen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.07.025","article-title":"Changing blood lead levels and DNA damage (comet assay) among immigrant women in Taiwan","volume":"407","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2003.07.005","article-title":"DNA damage in blood cells from children exposed to arsenic and lead in a mining area","volume":"93","author":"Rojas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1351\/pac200274050793","article-title":"\u201cHeavy metals\u201d a meaningless term? (IUPAC Technical Report)","volume":"74","author":"Duffus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.11-105","article-title":"Literature review of the role of hydroxyl radicals in chemically-induced mutagenicity and carcinogenicity for the risk assessment of a disinfection system utilizing photolysis of hydrogen peroxide","volume":"51","author":"Kanno","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_272","unstructured":"United Nations Environment Programme (2023, June 10). Synthesis Report on the Environmental and Health Impacts of Pesticides and Fertilizers and Ways to Minimize Them. Available online: https:\/\/wedocs.unep.org\/xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\/20.500.11822\/38409\/pesticides.pdf."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44726","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14999-9","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity of some pesticides and their amelioration","volume":"28","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2009.01092.x","article-title":"Pesticides and health risks","volume":"39","author":"Gilden","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynecol. Neonatal Nurs. JOGNN"},{"key":"ref_275","first-page":"148","article-title":"Chemical Pesticides and Human Health: The Urgent Need for a New Concept in Agriculture","volume":"4","author":"Maipas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_276","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization (2023, August 14). FAO Stat [PESTICIDES]. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Available online: https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\/RP."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1236281","article-title":"Evaluating pesticide degradation in the environment: Blind spots and emerging opportunities","volume":"341","author":"Fenner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.09.009","article-title":"Exposure to pesticides and the associated human health effects","volume":"575","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/fes3.108","article-title":"Pesticides, environment, and food safety","volume":"6","author":"Carvalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Energy Secur."},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21170","article-title":"Increased cancer burden among pesticide applicators and others due to pesticide exposure","volume":"63","author":"Alavanja","year":"2013","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2020-0011","article-title":"Impact of pesticide exposure in childhood","volume":"35","author":"Pascale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP456","article-title":"Occupational Exposure to Pesticides and the Incidence of Lung Cancer in the Agricultural Health Study","volume":"125","author":"Bonner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17003","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP6960","article-title":"Lifetime Pesticide Use and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance in a Prospective Cohort of Male Farmers","volume":"129","author":"Hofmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_284","first-page":"108789","article-title":"Adverse effects of pesticides on the functions of immune system. Comparative biochemistry and physiology","volume":"235","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pharmacol. CBP"},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106187","article-title":"Pesticide exposure and incident thyroid cancer among male pesticide applicators in agricultural health study","volume":"146","author":"Lerro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5563759","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5563759","article-title":"A Common Feature of Pesticides: Oxidative Stress-The Role of Oxidative Stress in Pesticide-Induced Toxicity","volume":"2022","author":"Sule","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-020-01638-y","article-title":"Cancer and occupational exposure to pesticides: An umbrella review","volume":"94","author":"Burns","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2009.0931","article-title":"Association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions with susceptibility to DNA damage in the pesticide-exposed workers of Punjab","volume":"13","author":"Abhishek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20981","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05344-2","article-title":"Evaluation of genetic damage in pesticides applicators from the province of Cordoba, Argentina","volume":"26","author":"Aiassa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2017.1343342","article-title":"Pesticide genotoxicity in cotton picking women in Pakistan evaluated using comet assay","volume":"41","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765201520150181","article-title":"Investigation of potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cellular stability after the exposure of agricultural workers to pesticides","volume":"88","author":"Alves","year":"2016","journal-title":"An. Da Acad. Bras. De. Cienc."},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2015.11.001","article-title":"Biomonitoring of Toxic Effects of Pesticides in Occupationally Exposed Individuals","volume":"7","author":"Arshad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saf. Health Work."},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2013.01.001","article-title":"Genetic damage in soybean workers exposed to pesticides: Evaluation with the comet and buccal micronucleus cytome assays","volume":"752","author":"Benedetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20232","article-title":"DNA damage in Pakistani pesticide-manufacturing workers assayed using the Comet assay","volume":"47","author":"Bhalli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20435","article-title":"DNA damage in Pakistani agricultural workers exposed to mixture of pesticides","volume":"50","author":"Bhalli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.014597","article-title":"Study on the relation between occupational fenvalerate exposure and spermatozoa DNA damage of pesticide factory workers","volume":"61","author":"Bian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5474-7","article-title":"Biomonitoring of agricultural workers exposed to pesticide mixtures in Guerrero state, Mexico, with comet assay and micronucleus test","volume":"23","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2019.1610498","article-title":"Comet assay for assessment of DNA damage in greenhouse workers exposed to pesticides","volume":"24","author":"Cayir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C.C., Huang, C.H., Wu, M.T., Chou, C.H., Huang, C.C., Tseng, T.Y., Chang, F.Y., Li, Y.T., Tsai, C.C., and Wang, T.S. (2014). Multidrug resistance 1 gene variants, pesticide exposure, and increased risk of DNA damage. Biomed. Res. Int., 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/965729"},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2014.02.011","article-title":"Is organic farming safer to farmers\u2019 health? A comparison between organic and traditional farming","volume":"230","author":"Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gen031","article-title":"Evaluation of genetic damage in a Brazilian population occupationally exposed to pesticides and its correlation with polymorphisms in metabolizing genes","volume":"23","author":"Moraes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_302","first-page":"81","article-title":"Genotoxic biomonitoring of tobacco farmers: Biomarkers of exposure, of early biological effects and of susceptibility","volume":"225\u2013226","author":"Simon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.05.018","article-title":"Genotoxic assessment in tobacco farmers at different crop times","volume":"490","author":"Kvitko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2022.503485","article-title":"Exposure in the tobacco fields: Genetic damage and oxidative stress in tobacco farmers occupationally exposed during harvest and grading seasons","volume":"878","author":"Dalberto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2019.03.002","article-title":"Assessment of genotoxicity and cholinesterase activity among women workers occupationally exposed to pesticides in tea garden","volume":"841","author":"Dhananjayan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2019.06.005","article-title":"Comet assay genotoxicity evaluation of occupationally exposed tea-garden workers in northern West Bengal, India","volume":"844","author":"Dutta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19723","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7179-y","article-title":"Evaluating genotoxic risks in Brazilian public health agents occupationally exposed to pesticides: A multi-biomarker approach","volume":"23","author":"Franco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_308","first-page":"279","article-title":"Evaluation of DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides using single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay","volume":"469","author":"Zeljezic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pestic. Genotoxicity Reveal. By Comet. Assay. Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(01)00419-X","article-title":"Cytogenetic monitoring of croatian population occupationally exposed to a complex mixture of pesticides","volume":"165","author":"Zeljezic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.855","article-title":"Assessment of genome damage in a population of Croatian workers employed in pesticide production by chromosomal aberration analysis, micronucleus assay and Comet assay","volume":"22","author":"Zeljezic","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol. JAT"},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26553","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05882-9","article-title":"Increased DNA damage is not associated to polymorphisms in OGGI DNA repair gene, CYP2E1 detoxification gene, and biochemical and hematological findings in soybeans farmers from Central Brazil","volume":"26","author":"Godoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/18.2.201","article-title":"Evaluation of genetic damage in workers employed in pesticide production utilizing the Comet assay","volume":"18","author":"Grover","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.04.052","article-title":"Role of PON1, SOD2, OGG1, XRCC1, and XRCC4 polymorphisms on modulation of DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides","volume":"159","author":"Kahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.10.020","article-title":"Monitoring of systemic exposure to plant protection products and DNA damage in orchard workers","volume":"210","author":"Kasiotis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6866.92100","article-title":"Evaluation of DNA damage in agricultural workers exposed to pesticides using single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay","volume":"17","author":"Kaur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5253","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05600-6","article-title":"Polymorphisms in XPC and XPD genes modulate DNA damage in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers of Punjab, North-West India","volume":"47","author":"Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2020.1794040","article-title":"Impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the OGG1 and XRCC1 genes on modulation of DNA damage in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers in Punjab, North-West India","volume":"25","author":"Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2020.503302","article-title":"Modulation of DNA damage by XPF, XPG and ERCC1 gene polymorphisms in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers of Punjab, North-West India","volume":"861\u2013862","author":"Kaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7334","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-013-1747-1","article-title":"Assessment of DNA damage in Brazilian workers occupationally exposed to pesticides: A study from Central Brazil","volume":"20","author":"Khayat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.12.910","article-title":"Urine mutagenicity and lymphocyte DNA damage in fruit growers occupationally exposed to the fungicide captan","volume":"60","author":"Lebailly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0617","article-title":"GSTP1 genetic polymorphism is associated with a higher risk of DNA damage in pesticide-exposed fruit growers","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.10.027","article-title":"Biomarkers of oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers: A pilot study","volume":"227","author":"Muniz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327107083450","article-title":"Determination of AChE levels and genotoxic effects in farmers occupationally exposed to pesticides","volume":"26","author":"Naravaneni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20647","article-title":"Biomonitoring of rural workers exposed to a complex mixture of pesticides in the municipalities of Tiangua and Ubajara (Ceara state, Brazil): Genotoxic and cytogenetic studies","volume":"52","author":"Paiva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2004.05.005","article-title":"Chromosome and DNA damage analysis in individuals occupationally exposed to pesticides with relation to genetic polymorphism for CYP 1A1 gene in Ecuador","volume":"562","author":"Arevalo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prabha & Pooja Chadha (2015). Risk Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Pesticides among Pesticide Distributors of Punjab (India) Using Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis. Int. J. Hum. Genet., 15, 149\u2013155.","DOI":"10.1080\/09723757.2015.11886263"},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141893","article-title":"Multi-biomarker responses to pesticides in an agricultural population from Central Brazil","volume":"754","author":"Ramos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2008.06.011","article-title":"Occupational exposure of farm workers to pesticides: Biochemical parameters and evaluation of genotoxicity","volume":"35","author":"Remor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20562","article-title":"BER gene polymorphisms (OGG1 Ser326Cys and XRCC1 Arg194Trp) and modulation of DNA damage due to pesticides exposure","volume":"52","author":"Rohr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2017.05.005","article-title":"GSTP1 and XRCC1 polymorphisms and DNA damage in agricultural workers exposed to pesticides","volume":"819","author":"Noshy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2018.12.004","article-title":"Early prediction of liver carcinogenicity due to occupational exposure to pesticides","volume":"838","author":"Beshir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04650-z","article-title":"A longitudinal follow-up study of oxidative stress and DNA damage among farmers exposed to pesticide mixtures","volume":"26","author":"Sapbamrer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1361","article-title":"DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to pesticide mixtures","volume":"28","author":"Simoniello","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol. JAT"},{"key":"ref_334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3109\/13547500903276378","article-title":"Biomarkers of cellular reaction to pesticide exposure in a rural population","volume":"15","author":"Simoniello","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"ref_335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2010.11.005","article-title":"DNA damage and cholinesterase activity in occupational workers exposed to pesticides","volume":"31","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2011.06.006","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 and susceptibility to DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticides","volume":"725","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2011.11.001","article-title":"Influence of CYP2C9, GSTM1, GSTT1 and NAT2 genetic polymorphisms on DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticides","volume":"741","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2011.08.021","article-title":"Role of genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1, CYP3A5, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and PON1 in the modulation of DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticides","volume":"257","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valencia-Quintana, R., Lopez-Duran, R.M., Milic, M., Bonassi, S., Ochoa-Ocana, M.A., Uriostegui-Acosta, M.O., Perez-Flores, G.A., Gomez-Olivares, J.L., and Sanchez-Alarcon, J. (2021). Assessment of Cytogenetic Damage and Cholinesterases\u2019 Activity in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Pesticides in Zamora-Jacona, Michoacan, Mexico. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126269"},{"key":"ref_340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2014.910489","article-title":"Exposure to pesticide mixtures and DNA damage among rice field workers","volume":"71","author":"Narvaez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Occup. Health"},{"key":"ref_341","first-page":"446","article-title":"Assessment of genotoxicity in female agricultural workers exposed to pesticides","volume":"22","author":"Rahman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomark. Biochem. Indic. Expo. Response Susceptibility Chem."},{"key":"ref_342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8182","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3959-4","article-title":"Assessment of DNA damage in floriculturists in southern Brazil","volume":"22","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.06.005","article-title":"Polymorphisms in metabolic GSTP1 and DNA-repair XRCC1 genes with an increased risk of DNA damage in pesticide-exposed fruit growers","volume":"654","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/09723757.2011.11886131","article-title":"Evaluation of Genetic Damage in Farmers Exposed to Pesticide Mixtures","volume":"11","author":"Yadav","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22398","article-title":"Oxidative stress and genetic damage among workers exposed primarily to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides","volume":"32","author":"Villegas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/16.4.359","article-title":"Chromosomal aberration and single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay in the longitudinal risk assessment of occupational exposure to pesticides","volume":"16","author":"Zeljezic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/em.21753","article-title":"Assessment of exposure to organochlorine pesticides and levels of DNA damage in mother-infant pairs of an agrarian community","volume":"54","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112010","article-title":"Assessment of genotoxicity and oxidative stress in pregnant women contaminated to organochlorine pesticides and its correlation with pregnancy outcome","volume":"204","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2013.866917","article-title":"Exploring cancer development in adulthood: Cholinesterase depression and genotoxic effect from chronic exposure to organophosphate pesticides among rural farm children","volume":"19","author":"How","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agromed."},{"key":"ref_350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2018.12.012","article-title":"Assessment of DNA damage in Polish children environmentally exposed to pesticides","volume":"843","author":"Czajka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1497_17","article-title":"DNA damage induced by exposure to pesticides in children of rural areas in Paraguay","volume":"150","author":"Leite","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.15171\/ijoem.2016.705","article-title":"Genotoxicity following Organophosphate Pesticides Exposure among Orang Asli Children Living in an Agricultural Island in Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia","volume":"7","author":"Sutris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2019.108288","article-title":"Application of the comet assay in human biomonitoring: An hCOMET perspective. Mutation research","volume":"783","author":"Azqueta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3979","article-title":"Solvent-based paint and varnish removers: A focused toxicologic review of existing and alternative constituents","volume":"40","author":"Durrani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol. JAT"},{"key":"ref_355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1080\/10934529.2020.1779532","article-title":"Exposure to organic solvents and hepatotoxicity","volume":"55","author":"Brauner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A"},{"key":"ref_356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-62627-1.00007-X","article-title":"Neurotoxicity of solvents","volume":"131","author":"Sainio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sit, G., Letellier, N., Iwatsubo, Y., Goldberg, M., Leynaert, B., Nadif, R., Ribet, C., Roche, N., Roquelaure, Y., and Varraso, R. (2021). Occupational Exposures to Organic Solvents and Asthma Symptoms in the CONSTANCES Cohort. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179258"},{"key":"ref_358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2016.02.002","article-title":"DNA damage induced by occupational and environmental exposure to miscellaneous chemicals","volume":"770","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_359","unstructured":"International International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (2023, June 10). Occupational Exposure as a Painter\u2014IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risks of Chemicals to Humans, Chemical Agents and Related Occupations. Available online: https:\/\/monographs.iarc.who.int\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/mono100F-35.pdf."},{"key":"ref_360","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (2023, June 10). Boot and Shoe Manufacture and Repair\u2014IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risks of Chemicals to Humans, Chemical Agents and Related Occupations. Available online: http:\/\/monographs.iarc.fr\/ENG\/Monographs\/suppl7\/Suppl7-96.pdf."},{"key":"ref_361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Onyije, F.M., Hosseini, B., Togawa, K., Schuz, J., and Olsson, A. (2021). Cancer Incidence and Mortality among Petroleum Industry Workers and Residents Living in Oil Producing Communities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084343"},{"key":"ref_362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.15171\/ijoem.2017.1089","article-title":"Primary DNA Damage in Dry Cleaners with Perchlorethylene Exposure","volume":"8","author":"Azimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/em.10150","article-title":"Genetic polymorphism of drug-metabolizing enzymes and styrene-induced DNA damage","volume":"41","author":"Buschini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.2478\/s13382-011-0030-2","article-title":"Occupational risk assessment of oxidative stress and genotoxicity in workers exposed to paints during a working week","volume":"24","author":"Cassini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2018.06.006","article-title":"Biomarkers of early genotoxicity and oxidative stress for occupational risk assessment of exposure to styrene in the fibreglass reinforced plastic industry","volume":"298","author":"Cavallo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavallo, D., Ursini, C.L., Fresegna, A.M., Ciervo, A., Maiello, R., Buresti, G., Paci, E., Pigini, D., Gherardi, M., and Carbonari, D. (2021). Occupational Exposure in Industrial Painters: Sensitive and Noninvasive Biomarkers to Evaluate Early Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094645"},{"key":"ref_367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2003.10.009","article-title":"Assessment of DNA damage in glue sniffers by use of the alkaline comet assay","volume":"557","author":"Cok","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2012.688488","article-title":"DNA damage and susceptibility assessment in industrial workers exposed to styrene","volume":"75","author":"Costa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A"},{"key":"ref_369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa-Amaral, I.C., Carvalho, L.V.B., Santos, M.V.C., Valente, D., Pereira, A.C., Figueiredo, V.O., Souza, J.M., Castro, V.S., Trancoso, M.F., and Fonseca, A.S.A. (2019). Environmental Assessment and Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Biomarkers Related to Chronic Occupational Exposure to Benzene. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16122240"},{"key":"ref_370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765201620150194","article-title":"DNA damage and cytotoxicity in pathology laboratory technicians exposed to organic solvents","volume":"88","author":"Zenkner","year":"2016","journal-title":"An. Da Acad. Bras. De Cienc."},{"key":"ref_371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.04.028","article-title":"Low air levels of benzene: Correlation between biomarkers of exposure and genotoxic effects","volume":"192","author":"Fracasso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.11.010","article-title":"DNA single- and double-strand breaks by alkaline- and immuno-comet assay in lymphocytes of workers exposed to styrene","volume":"185","author":"Fracasso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20069","article-title":"Influence of genetic polymorphisms on biomarkers of exposure and genotoxic effects in styrene-exposed workers","volume":"44","author":"Godderis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2010.07.027","article-title":"Modulation of DNA repair capacity and mRNA expression levels of XRCC1, hOGG1 and XPC genes in styrene-exposed workers","volume":"248","author":"Hanova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2005.03.002","article-title":"Comparison of genetic damage in Brazilian footwear-workers exposed to solvent-based or water-based adhesive","volume":"583","author":"Heuser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2007.01.011","article-title":"Evaluation of genetic damage in Brazilian footwear-workers: Biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility","volume":"232","author":"Heuser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_377","first-page":"653","article-title":"DNA damage and repair detected by the comet assay in lymphocytes of african petrol attendants: A pilot study","volume":"52","author":"Keretetse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2020.104726","article-title":"The genotoxicity of an organic solvent mixture: A human biomonitoring study and translation of a real-scenario exposure to in vitro","volume":"116","author":"Ladeira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. RTP"},{"key":"ref_379","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(01)00572-8","article-title":"Evaluation of genotoxic effects in a group of workers exposed to low levels of styrene","volume":"171","author":"Laffon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(02)00010-4","article-title":"Lymphocyte DNA damage in elevator manufacturing workers in Guangzhou, China","volume":"515","author":"Lam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2016.1274335","article-title":"MGMT hypomethylation is associated with DNA damage in workers exposed to low-dose benzene","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"ref_382","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2016.1158892","article-title":"Assessment of DNA damage in car spray painters exposed to organic solvents by the high-throughput comet assay","volume":"26","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"},{"key":"ref_383","first-page":"410","article-title":"Occupational genotoxicity risk evaluation through the comet assay and the micronucleus test","volume":"2","author":"Viegas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res. GMR"},{"key":"ref_384","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gel012","article-title":"Relationship between genotoxicity biomarkers in somatic and germ cells: Findings from a biomonitoring study","volume":"21","author":"Migliore","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.11.2912","article-title":"Assessment of sperm DNA integrity in workers exposed to styrene","volume":"17","author":"Migliore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_386","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2012.02.007","article-title":"Evaluation of genotoxicity and oxidative damage in painters exposed to low levels of toluene","volume":"746","author":"Moro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2005.03.010","article-title":"Environmental and occupational exposure to benzene in Thailand","volume":"153\u2013154","author":"Navasumrit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemico-Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20419","article-title":"Multipronged evaluation of genotoxicity in Indian petrol-pump workers","volume":"49","author":"Pandey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_389","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2021.503322","article-title":"Gasoline-station workers in Brazil: Benzene exposure; Genotoxic and immunotoxic effects","volume":"865","author":"Poca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_390","first-page":"944","article-title":"Genotoxicity in filling station attendants exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons","volume":"54","author":"Rekhadevi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2005.12.005","article-title":"Evaluation of genotoxicity in a group of workers from a petroleum refinery aromatics plant","volume":"604","author":"Teixeira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_392","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48340","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-19015-2","article-title":"Evaluating the relationship between the respiratory exposure to the benzene with the primary damages of deoxyribonucleic acid and total antioxidant capacity in one of the oil companies in Iran","volume":"29","author":"Sakhvidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_393","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(02)00167-4","article-title":"Single strand DNA breaks in T- and B-lymphocytes and granulocytes in workers exposed to benzene","volume":"134","author":"Sul","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_394","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2004.12.011","article-title":"DNA damage in lymphocytes of benzene exposed workers correlates with trans,trans-muconic acids and breath benzene levels","volume":"582","author":"Sul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geq049","article-title":"Cytogenetic and DNA damage on workers exposed to styrene","volume":"25","author":"Teixeira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_396","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong, F., Li, Q., Zhou, B., Huang, J., Liang, G., Zhang, L., Ma, S., Qing, L., Liang, L., and Su, J. (2016). Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity of Long-Term Occupational Exposure to Low Levels of BTEX in Gas Station Workers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13121212"},{"key":"ref_397","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2017.07.005","article-title":"DNA damage levels in electronics workers in Southern China: A micro-whole blood comet assay","volume":"803\u2013805","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_398","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(03)00054-8","article-title":"Urban benzene exposure and oxidative DNA damage: Influence of genetic polymorphisms in metabolism genes","volume":"309","author":"Sorensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_399","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(98)00021-0","article-title":"Biomonitoring using accessible human cells for exposure and health risk assessment","volume":"436","author":"Salama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1997)30:2<139::AID-EM6>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Comet assay in human biomonitoring studies: Reliability, validation, and applications","volume":"30","author":"Collins","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.12-0038-OA","article-title":"Biological effect monitoring in peripheral blood lymphocytes from subjects occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs: Assessment of micronuclei frequency","volume":"54","author":"Villarini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"ref_402","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2014.910158","article-title":"Assessment of genotoxic effects in nurses handling cytostatic drugs","volume":"77","author":"Ladeira","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A"},{"key":"ref_403","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viegas, S., Zare Jeddi, M.B., Hopf, N., Bessems, J., Palmen, N.S., Galea, K., Jones, K., Kujath, P., Duca, R.C., and Verhagen, H. (2020). Biomonitoring as an Underused Exposure Assessment Tool in Occupational Safety and Health Context-Challenges and Way Forward. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165884"},{"key":"ref_404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.05.001","article-title":"Biomonitoring for occupational health risk assessment (BOHRA)","volume":"192","author":"Manno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1515\/bimo-2016-0003","article-title":"Human biomonitoring: An overview on biomarkers and their application in occupational and environmental health","volume":"3","author":"Ladeira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomonitoring"},{"key":"ref_406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-12-00173","article-title":"Recommendations for biomonitoring of emergency responders: Focus on occupational health investigations and occupational health research","volume":"178","author":"Decker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"ref_407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(02)00003-0","article-title":"Biomarkers in molecular epidemiology studies for health risk prediction","volume":"511","author":"Bonassi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-21","article-title":"Can a core outcome set improve the quality of systematic reviews?\u2014A survey of the Co-ordinating Editors of Cochrane Review Groups","volume":"14","author":"Kirkham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trials"}],"container-title":["Toxics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6304\/12\/4\/270\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:23:51Z","timestamp":1760106231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6304\/12\/4\/270"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"references-count":408,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["toxics12040270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics12040270","relation":{},"ISSN":["2305-6304"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2305-6304","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]}}}