{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:48:52Z","timestamp":1777927732864,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,22]],"date-time":"2019-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAPES, FAPITEC, CNPq","award":["CAPES, FAPITEC, CNPq"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAPES, FAPITEC, CNPq"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation, Ministry of Science and Education (FCT\/MEC)","award":["M-ERA-NET\/0004\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M-ERA-NET\/0004\/2015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this work was to characterize the toxicological profile of a newly developed sunscreen formulation based on polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) loading benzophenone-3 (BZP3). NCs composed of poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) carrot oil and Pluronic\u00ae F68 were produced by emulsification-diffusion method. Their mean particle size (Z-Ave) ranged from 280 to 420 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) was below 0.37, while zeta potential (ZP) reached about |+11 mV|. No cytotoxic effects were observed in L929 fibroblast cell line for the blank (i.e., non-loaded) NCs and BZP3-loaded NCs (BZP3-NCs). The semi-solid sunscreen formulation was stable over time (centrifugation testing) and exhibited non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior, which is typical of products for topical application onto the skin. The sun protection factor (SPF) value reached 8.84, when incorporating BZP3-NCs (SPF of 8.64) into the semi-solid formulation. A synergistic effect was also observed when combining the formulation ingredients of nanocapsules, i.e., SPF of carrot oil was 6.82, blank NCs was 6.84, and BZP3-loaded NCs was 8.64. From the hen\u2019s egg-chorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM) test, the non-irritation profile of the developed formulations could also be confirmed. The obtained results show a promising use of poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) nanocapsules to be loaded with lipophilic sunscreens as benzophenone-3.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics7040051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T03:26:32Z","timestamp":1569209192000},"page":"51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Development, Cytotoxicity and Eye Irritation Profile of a New Sunscreen Formulation Based on Benzophenone-3-poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) Nanocapsules"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Thallysson Carvalho","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tiradentes (Unit), Biotechnological Postgraduate Program. Av. MuriloDantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"}]},{"given":"L\u00edvia \u00c9ven Dias","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tiradentes (Unit), Biotechnological Postgraduate Program. Av. MuriloDantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Cristiane","family":"Bani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Avenida Marechal Rondon, S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Taline","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tiradentes (Unit), Biotechnological Postgraduate Program. Av. MuriloDantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Nery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tiradentes (Unit), Biotechnological Postgraduate Program. Av. MuriloDantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6458-4661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Silva","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tiradentes (Unit), Biotechnological Postgraduate Program. Av. MuriloDantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Luana Renyelle de Oliveira","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tiradentes (Unit), Biotechnological Postgraduate Program. Av. MuriloDantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2603-1377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Zieli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8787-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Juliana Cordeiro","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tiradentes (Unit), Biotechnological Postgraduate Program. Av. MuriloDantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Eliezer","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2571-108X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Sanchez-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Nalone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tiradentes (Unit), Biotechnological Postgraduate Program. Av. MuriloDantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Eliana Barbosa","family":"Souto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6527-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Severino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tiradentes (Unit), Biotechnological Postgraduate Program. Av. MuriloDantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tampucci, S., Burgalassi, S., Chetoni, P., and Monti, D. (2018). Cutaneous permeation and penetration of sunscreens: Formulation strategies and in vitro methods. 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