{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T21:50:46Z","timestamp":1773179446830,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014803","name":"European Food Safety Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GP\/EFSA\/AFSCO\/2015\/03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GP\/EFSA\/AFSCO\/2015\/03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED481A-2018\/207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED481A-2018\/207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is a common seafood intoxication mainly caused by the consumption of fish contaminated by ciguatoxins. Recent studies showed that Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 (C-CTX1) is the main toxin causing CP through fish caught in the Northeast Atlantic, e.g., Canary Islands (Spain) and Madeira (Portugal). The use of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) combined with neuroblastoma cell assay (N2a) allowed the initial confirmation of the presence of C-CTX1 in contaminated fish samples from the abovementioned areas, nevertheless the lack of commercially available reference materials for these particular ciguatoxin (CTX) analogues has been a major limitation to progress research. The EuroCigua project allowed the preparation of C-CTX1 laboratory reference material (LRM) from fish species (Seriola fasciata) from the Madeira archipelago (Portugal). This reference material was used to implement a liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for the detection of C-CTX1, acquisition of full-scan as well as collision-induced mass spectra of this particular analogue. Fragmentation pathways were proposed based on fragments obtained. The optimized LC-HRMS method was then applied to confirm C-CTX1 in fish (Bodianus scrofa) caught in the Selvagens Islands (Portugal).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12040267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T04:15:13Z","timestamp":1587528913000},"page":"267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Confirmation of Caribbean Ciguatoxin-1 as the Main Toxin Responsible for Ciguatera Poisoning Caused by Fish from European Atlantic Coasts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2520-4926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Estevez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5105-6467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoella","family":"Sibat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Rue de l\u2019\u00cele d\u2019Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2260-5281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Le\u00e3o-Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6083-470X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Reis Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA\u2014Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Bras\u00edlia, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Gago-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9047-1345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Rue de l\u2019\u00cele d\u2019Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1021\/cr00021a011","article-title":"Marine toxins","volume":"93","author":"Yasumoto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chem. 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