{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:30:36Z","timestamp":1772253036101,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/87030\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/87030\/2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013284","name":"Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EASME\/EMFF\/2016\/1.2.1.4\/03\/SI2.750419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EASME\/EMFF\/2016\/1.2.1.4\/03\/SI2.750419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013284","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The marine red algae Asparagopsis armata is an invasive species gaining competitive advantage by releasing large amounts of toxic compounds to the surrounding invaded area. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of this invasive seaweed on marine invertebrates by exposing the common prawn Palaemon elegans and the marine snail Gibbula umbilicalis to the exudate of this seaweed. The seaweed was collected and placed in a tank for 12 h in the dark in a 1:10 ratio. Afterwards the seawater medium containing the released secondary metabolites was collected for further testing. Lethal and sublethal effects of A. armata were investigated. Biochemical biomarker responses associated with energy metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; electron transport system activity, ETS; lipid, protein and carbohydrate content) were analysed. The biomarker responses showed physiological status impairment of invertebrates after exposure to low concentrations of this algal exudate. The highest concentrations of exudate significantly increased lipid content in both organisms. In the shrimp, protein content, ETS, and LDH were also significantly increased. By contrast, these parameters were significantly decreased in G. umbilicalis. A behavioural impairment was also observed in G. umbilicalis exposed to A. armata exudate, reducing feeding consumption. These results represent an important step in the research of natural toxic exudates released to the environment and prospective effects of this seaweed in invaded communities under increasing global change scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13010015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T09:30:19Z","timestamp":1608888619000},"page":"15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Impacts of the Invasive Seaweed Asparagopsis armata Exudate on Energetic Metabolism of Rock Pool Invertebrates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4613-1132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Novais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0879-9470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amadeu","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3360-0729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Barata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9887-1864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richardson, D.M., Py\u0161ek, P., and Carlton, J.T. 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