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Taking into consideration the impacts of cyanotoxins, many studies have focused on the identification of unknown cyanotoxin(s)-producing strains. This study aimed to screen strains from the Azorean Bank of Algae and Cyanobacteria (BACA) for MCs, STX, and CYN production. A total of 157 strains were searched for mcy, sxt, and cyr producing genes by PCR, toxin identification by ESI-LC-MS\/MS, and cyanotoxin-producing strains morphological identification and confirmation by 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. Cyanotoxin-producing genes were amplified in 13 strains and four were confirmed as toxin producers by ESI-LC-MS\/MS. As expected Aphanizomenon gracile BACA0041 was confirmed as an STX producer, with amplification of genes sxtA, sxtG, sxtH, and sxtI, and Microcystis aeruginosa BACA0148 as an MC-LR producer, with amplification of genes mcyC, mcyD, mcyE, and mcyG. Two nostocalean strains, BACA0025 and BACA0031, were positive for both cyrB and cyrC genes and ESI-LC-MS\/MS confirmed CYN production. Although these strains morphologically resemble Sphaerospermopsis, the 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis reveals that they probably belong to a new genus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13040258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]],"date-time":"2021-04-03T22:03:36Z","timestamp":1617487416000},"page":"258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cyanotoxin Screening in BACA Culture Collection: Identification of New Cylindrospermopsin Producing Cyanobacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8713-6370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, P\u00f3lo dos A\u00e7ores, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3757-8143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research\u2014CIIMAR\/CIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8223-5943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00faben","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, P\u00f3lo dos A\u00e7ores, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3585-2417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research\u2014CIIMAR\/CIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5737-296X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, P\u00f3lo dos A\u00e7ores, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1668-2363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00e9lia","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, P\u00f3lo dos A\u00e7ores, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10452-016-9594-z","article-title":"Mitigating harmful cyanobacterial blooms: Strategies for control of nitrogen and phosphorus loads","volume":"50","author":"Hamilton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquat. 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