{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T02:55:05Z","timestamp":1769223305512,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MCIU\/AEI\/FEDER, UE","award":["RTI2018-094558-B-I00 (EVALKALIM)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-094558-B-I00 (EVALKALIM)"]}]},{"name":"MCIU\/AEI\/FEDER, UE","award":["CQM Base Fund\u2014UIDB\/00674\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CQM Base Fund\u2014UIDB\/00674\/2020"]}]},{"name":"MCIU\/AEI\/FEDER, UE","award":["Programmatic Fund\u2014UIDP\/00674\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Programmatic Fund\u2014UIDP\/00674\/2020"]}]},{"name":"MCIU\/AEI\/FEDER, 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M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia and Madeira 14-2020 program to the Portuguese Mass Spectrometry Network through PROEQUIPRAM program","award":["RTI2018-094558-B-I00 (EVALKALIM)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-094558-B-I00 (EVALKALIM)"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia and Madeira 14-2020 program to the Portuguese Mass Spectrometry Network through PROEQUIPRAM program","award":["CQM Base Fund\u2014UIDB\/00674\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CQM Base Fund\u2014UIDB\/00674\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia and Madeira 14-2020 program to the Portuguese Mass Spectrometry Network through PROEQUIPRAM program","award":["Programmatic Fund\u2014UIDP\/00674\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Programmatic Fund\u2014UIDP\/00674\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia and Madeira 14-2020 program to the Portuguese Mass Spectrometry Network through PROEQUIPRAM program","award":["M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia and Madeira 14-2020 program to the Portuguese Mass Spectrometry Network through PROEQUIPRAM program","award":["M1420\u201309\u20135369-FSE-000001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M1420\u201309\u20135369-FSE-000001"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia and Madeira 14-2020 program to the Portuguese Mass Spectrometry Network through PROEQUIPRAM program","award":["M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work presents an optimized methodology based on the miniaturization of the original QuEChERS (\u03bc-QuEChERS) followed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS\/MS) for the determination of tropane alkaloids (TAs), atropine, and scopolamine in leafy vegetable samples. The analytical methodology was successfully validated, demonstrating quantitation limits (MQL) \u2264 2.3 ng\/g, good accuracy, and precision, with recoveries between 90\u2013100% and RSD \u2264 13% for both analytes. The method was applied to the analysis of TA-producing plants (Brugmansia versicolor, Solandra maxima, and Convolvulus arvensis). High concentrations of scopolamine were found in flowers (1771 mg\/kg) and leaves (297 mg\/kg) of B. versicolor. The highest concentration of atropine was found in flowers of S. maxima (10.4 mg\/kg). Commercial mixed leafy vegetables contaminated with B. versicolor and S. maxima were analysed to verify the efficacy of the method, showing recoveries between 82 and 110% for both analytes. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of eighteen samples of leafy vegetables, finding atropine in three samples of mixed leafy vegetables, with concentrations of 2.7, 3.2, and 3.4 ng\/g, and in nine samples with concentrations \u2264MQL. In turn, scopolamine was only found in a sample of chopped Swiss chard with a concentration \u2264MQL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14100650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:08:09Z","timestamp":1663718889000},"page":"650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Improved Analytical Approach for Determination of Tropane Alkaloids in Leafy Vegetables Based on \u00b5-QuEChERS Combined with HPLC-MS\/MS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2377-8555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ESCET\u2014Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnolog\u00eda, Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CQM\u2014Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6448-2385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Morante-Zarcero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESCET\u2014Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnolog\u00eda, Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0316-5348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A. M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM\u2014Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1965-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 S.","family":"C\u00e2mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM\u2014Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universit\u00e1rio da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2091-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESCET\u2014Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnolog\u00eda, Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (2013). 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