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health worldwide. Climate change is projected to induce significant changes in species geographic distribution, and, in this sense, it is paramount to accurately predict how it will affect toxin-producing microalgae. In this context, the present study was intended to project the potential biogeographical changes in habitat suitability and occurrence distribution of three key amnesic shellfish toxin (AST)\u2014producing diatom species (i.e., Pseudo-nitzschia australis, P. seriata, and P. fraudulenta) under four different climate change scenarios (i.e., RCP-2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) up to 2050 and 2100. For this purpose, we applied species distribution models (SDMs) using four abiotic predictors (i.e., sea surface temperature, salinity, current velocity, and bathymetry) in a MaxEnt framework. Overall, considerable contraction and potential extirpation were projected for all species at lower latitudes together with projected poleward expansions into higher latitudes, mainly in the northern hemisphere. The present study aims to contribute to the knowledge on the impacts of climate change on the biogeography of toxin-producing microalgae species while at the same time advising the correct environmental management of coastal habitats and ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15010009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T03:26:25Z","timestamp":1671765985000},"page":"9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impacts of Climate Change on the Biogeography of Three Amnesic Shellfish Toxin Producing Diatom Species"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3911-0421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco O.","family":"Borges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vanessa M.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina Fraz\u00e3o","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6083-470X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Reis","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA\u2014Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, 1749-077 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"S2AQUA\u2014Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"CCMAR\u2014Centre of Marine Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2801-5178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bindoff, N., Cheung, W., Kairo, J.G., Aristegui, J., Guinder, V., Hallberg, R., Hilmi, N., Jiao, N., Karim, M., and Levin, L. 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