{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:08:29Z","timestamp":1777504109498,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MCTES, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia and Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MCTES, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia and Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DL-57-2016\/ICETA\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DL-57-2016\/ICETA\/02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DL-57-2016\/ICETA\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DL-57-2016\/ICETA\/02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin that acts primarily as an endocrine disruptor. Biomonitoring studies are needed to assess exposure and risk, particularly among vulnerable groups. This study reports two pilot biomonitoring surveys of ZEA in 38 lactating mothers and 42 children (5\u201312 years old). Both were associated with a questionnaire to collect data on the sociodemographics and eating habits of the participants. About 76% of urine samples were contaminated (188.12 \u00b1 235.99 ng\/mL), with the hazard quotient reaching 2.36 in the worst-case scenario for younger children. Of the analyzed breastmilk samples, 55.26% were contaminated (158.26 \u00b1 77.50). A statistically significant association between ZEA contamination of breastmilk and the maternal consumption of wholemeal bread, cereal flakes, sausages, smoked meat and pork was found, suggesting that these foods are determinants of higher exposure. The hazard quotient in the worst-case scenario for breastfed babies under 16 weeks was estimated as 0.61. Results confirm frequent exposure to this endocrine disruptor among these two vulnerable groups in central Portugal, showing the need for further studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17040162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T05:35:03Z","timestamp":1742880903000},"page":"162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Biomonitoring Pilot Surveys of Zearalenone in Breastmilk and the Urine of Children in Central Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2597-6651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Vasco da Gama (CIVG)\/Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Veterin\u00e1rias, Escola Universit\u00e1ria Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Av. Jos\u00e9 R. Sousa Fernandes, 3020\u2013210 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bromatologia e Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade de Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000\u2013548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bromatologia e Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade de Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000\u2013548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Myrella","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bromatologia e Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade de Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000\u2013548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5844-6086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Vasco da Gama (CIVG)\/Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Veterin\u00e1rias, Escola Universit\u00e1ria Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Av. Jos\u00e9 R. Sousa Fernandes, 3020\u2013210 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7229-9775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Cabe\u00e7as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Vasco da Gama (CIVG)\/Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Veterin\u00e1rias, Escola Universit\u00e1ria Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Av. Jos\u00e9 R. Sousa Fernandes, 3020\u2013210 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2372-1874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana J. G.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bromatologia e Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade de Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000\u2013548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4777-4340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 M. P. T.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bromatologia e Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade de Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000\u2013548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Celeste","family":"Lino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bromatologia e Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade de Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000\u2013548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0902-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelina","family":"Pena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bromatologia e Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade de Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000\u2013548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ropejko, K., and Twaru\u017cek, M. 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