{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:55:09Z","timestamp":1777452909804,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"H2020 program MSCA-RISE-2018","award":["FPU2019\/01247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU2019\/01247"]}]},{"name":"H2020 program MSCA-RISE-2018","award":["VIIPPIT-2023-US-I.7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VIIPPIT-2023-US-I.7"]}]},{"name":"MICIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["FPU2019\/01247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU2019\/01247"]}]},{"name":"MICIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["VIIPPIT-2023-US-I.7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VIIPPIT-2023-US-I.7"]}]},{"name":"FEDER, UE","award":["FPU2019\/01247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU2019\/01247"]}]},{"name":"FEDER, UE","award":["VIIPPIT-2023-US-I.7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VIIPPIT-2023-US-I.7"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministerio de Universidades for the funding FPU","award":["FPU2019\/01247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU2019\/01247"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministerio de Universidades for the funding FPU","award":["VIIPPIT-2023-US-I.7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VIIPPIT-2023-US-I.7"]}]},{"name":"Research Management and Knowledge Transfer","award":["FPU2019\/01247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU2019\/01247"]}]},{"name":"Research Management and Knowledge Transfer","award":["VIIPPIT-2023-US-I.7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VIIPPIT-2023-US-I.7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cylindrospermopsin is an emerging cyanotoxin that can lead to phytotoxicity through different mechanisms. The presence of CYN in irrigation waters is of concern due to potential accumulation in plants, increasing the risk of human exposure by the consumption of vegetables. In this case, it is proposed to evaluate the effects of CYN on a crop considered staple food in Colombia, such as Solanum tuberosum, group Phureja var Criolla Colombia, known as \u201cyellow potato\u201d. This work evaluates for the first time the effects of CYN in potato plants exposed to this toxin using two different irrigation systems, surface and sprinkler irrigation. The parameters evaluated were CYN bioaccumulation and biotransformation in different parts of the potato plants irrigated with water containing CYN at environmentally relevant concentrations (84.65, 33.80, 3.05 and 3.05 \u00b5g\/L after first, second, and third to fourth applications, respectively) and changes in nutritional mineral content in tubers. For this purpose, the concentrations of CYN and its potential metabolites in leaves, stem, roots, and tubbers of the plants exposed to the toxin were determined by Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography\u2013MS\/MS (UHPLC-MS\/MS). Mineral content was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). CYN bioaccumulation was detected only in aerial parts of plants with sprinkler irrigation. A total of 57 CYN metabolites were found, and the main differences obtained in CYN biotransformation are linked to tissues and exposure conditions. There are significant differences in levels of Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in tubers depending on CYN treatment, with higher contents after surface irrigation, and lower content with sprinkler application. These results demonstrate that the exposure conditions are an important factor for the potential presence and effects of CYN in potato plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17060301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T06:42:48Z","timestamp":1749710568000},"page":"301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bioaccumulation, Distribution and Biotransformation of Cylindrospermopsin in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) After Exposure by Surface or Sprinkler Irrigation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8070-7158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredy","family":"Duque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Engineering, Universidad de Cundinamarca Extensi\u00f3n Facatativ\u00e1, Facatativ\u00e1 253052, Colombia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5157-4763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C\/Profesor Garc\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9162-7236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cascajosa-Lira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C\/Profesor Garc\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6662-1833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Carlos","family":"Montenegro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algae Culture Laboratory (LAUN), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot\u00e1 110001, DC, Colombia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4621-885X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, 4450-159 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7546-3294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angeles","family":"Jos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C\/Profesor Garc\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1524-748X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Came\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C\/Profesor Garc\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2020.101894","article-title":"Cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin producers and the catalytic decomposition process: A review","volume":"98","author":"Adamski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0040-1","article-title":"Cyanobacterial Blooms","volume":"16","author":"Huisman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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