{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T14:05:44Z","timestamp":1770818744555,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/DTP-SAP\/0859\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/DTP-SAP\/0859\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the Old World, phlebotomine sand flies from the genus Phlebotomus are implicated in the transmission of Leishmania spp. parasites (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) and viruses belonging to the genus Phlebovirus (Bunyavirales: Phenuiviridae). Two of the five sand fly species known to occur in Portugal, Phlebotomus perniciosus and Ph. ariasi, the former being the most ubiquitous, are recognized vectors of Leishmania infantum, which causes visceral leishmaniasis, the most prevalent form of leishmaniasis in the country. Phlebotomus perniciosus is also the vector of the neurotropic Toscana virus, which can cause aseptic meningitis. Entomological surveillance is essential to provide fundamental data about the presence of vectors and the pathogens they can carry. As such, and given the lack of data in Portugal, an entomological survey took place in the Algarve, the southernmost region of the country, from May to October 2018. Polymerase chain reaction assays were performed in order to detect the presence of the above-mentioned pathogens in sand fly pools. Not only were both Leishmania parasites and phleboviruses detected during this study, but more importantly, it was the first time their co-circulation was verified in the same sand fly population collected in Portugal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9010003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T07:20:31Z","timestamp":1703056831000},"page":"3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Co-Circulation of Leishmania Parasites and Phleboviruses in a Population of Sand Flies Collected in the South of Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5445-4142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Amaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, No. 5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"},{"name":"Environment and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Environmental Health Institute, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Animal Science Studies (CECA), University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0844-4442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela","family":"Vilares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory of Parasitic and Fungal Infections, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory of Parasitic and Fungal Infections, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory of Parasitic and Fungal Infections, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6704-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Costa","family":"Os\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, No. 5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"},{"name":"Environment and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Environmental Health Institute, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0065-9000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, No. 5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"},{"name":"Environment and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Environmental Health Institute, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Animal Science Studies (CECA), University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9438-2342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Gargat\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory of Parasitic and Fungal Infections, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (2023, March 28). 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