{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T20:11:23Z","timestamp":1774383083139,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Universe"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Modified gravity theories with a nonminimal coupling between curvature and matter offer a compelling alternative to dark energy and dark matter by introducing an explicit interaction between matter and curvature invariants. Two of the main consequences of such an interaction are the emergence of an additional force and the non-conservation of the energy\u2013momentum tensor, which can be interpreted as an energy exchange between matter and geometry. By adopting this interpretation, one can then take advantage of many different approaches in order to investigate the phenomenon of gravitationally induced particle creation. One of these approaches relies on the so-called irreversible thermodynamics of open systems formalism. By considering the scalar\u2013tensor formulation of one of these theories, we derive the corresponding particle creation rate, creation pressure, and entropy production, demonstrating that irreversible particle creation can drive a late-time de Sitter acceleration through a negative creation pressure, providing a natural alternative to the cosmological constant. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the generalized second law of thermodynamics holds: the total entropy, from both the apparent horizon and enclosed matter, increases monotonically and saturates in the de Sitter phase, imposing constraints on the allowed particle production dynamics. Furthermore, we present brief reviews of other theoretical descriptions of matter creation processes. Specifically, we consider approaches based on the Boltzmann equation and quantum-based aspects and discuss the generalization of the Klein\u2013Gordon equation, as well as the problem of its quantization in time-varying gravitational fields. Hence, gravitational theories with nonminimal curvature\u2013matter couplings present a unified and testable framework, connecting high-energy gravitational physics with cosmological evolution and, possibly, quantum gravity, while remaining consistent with local tests through suitable coupling functions and screening mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/universe11110356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T17:02:01Z","timestamp":1761670921000},"page":"356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modified Gravity with Nonminimal Curvature\u2013Matter Couplings: A Framework for Gravitationally Induced Particle Creation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9388-8373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco S. N.","family":"Lobo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica e Ci\u00eancias do Espa\u00e7o, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Edif\u00edcio C8, Campo Grande, PT-1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Edif\u00edcio C8, Campo Grande, PT-1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1990-9172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiberiu","family":"Harko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Babe\u015f-Bolyai University, 1 Kog\u0103lniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Astronomical Observatory, 19 Cire\u015filor Street, 400487 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1327-0996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A. S.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica e Ci\u00eancias do Espa\u00e7o, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Edif\u00edcio C8, Campo Grande, PT-1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Edif\u00edcio C8, Campo Grande, PT-1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riess, A.G. et al. [Supernova Search Team]. (1998). Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant. Astron. J., 116, 1009\u20131038.","DOI":"10.1086\/300499"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perlmutter, S. et al. [Supernova Cosmology Project]. (1999). Measurements of \u03a9 and \u039b from 42 High Redshift Supernovae. Astrophys. 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