{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T16:34:59Z","timestamp":1764866099291,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia"},{"name":"CiTUA","award":["UIDB\/05703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05703"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Urban Science"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article explores the persistent exclusion of certain informal settlements in Portugal from legal urban recognition, focusing on areas characterized by both historical informality and current legal invisibility, here termed by \u201cdoubly marginal\u201d. Despite the existence of legal frameworks aimed at integrating Informally Originated Urban Areas (AUGIs), a significant number remain outside the scope of regularization, revealing deep-rooted structural, social, and legal constraints. These cases exemplify the systemic limitations of existing urban governance models and underscore the inadequacy of one-size-fits-all planning laws. By proposing a conceptual typology grounded in social, legal, and environmental dimensions, the article exposes how overlapping vulnerabilities perpetuate urban marginality. The findings point to a critical mismatch between legal norms and the lived realities of affected communities, many of which face barriers that existing legislation is ill-equipped to resolve. The article advocates for a more comprehensive legal framework that responds to the diversity and complexity of informal settlements, particularly in municipalities with limited administrative capacity. This reconceptualization challenges dominant paradigms in urban policy and calls for a rethinking of territorial justice and the right to remain in place.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/urbansci9120511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T16:07:38Z","timestamp":1764864458000},"page":"511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exceptions to Urban Reconversion: Double Marginality of Informally Originated Urban Areas in Lisbon Metropolitan Area"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6781-5149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Territory, Urbanism, and Architecture, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5820-9550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Condessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Territory, Urbanism, and Architecture, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1845-322X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Arquitetura, Urbanismo e Design, Faculty of Architecture, University of Lisbon, Rua S\u00e1 Nogueira, P\u00f3lo Universit\u00e1rio, Alto da Ajuda, 1349-063 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Raposo, I., B\u00f3gus, L., and Pasternak, S. (2010). 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