{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T12:30:27Z","timestamp":1761395427144,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the absence of viremia, the diagnostics of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections must rely on serological techniques. In order to improve the serological diagnosis of ZIKV, ZIKV-IgA and ZIKV-IgG avidity assays were evaluated. Forty patients returning from ZIKV endemic areas, with confirmed or suspected ZIKV infections were studied. Samples were classified as early acute, acute and late acute according to the number of days post illness onset. Low avidity IgG was only detected at acute and late acute stages and IgA mostly at the early acute and acute stages. The date of sampling provides useful information and can help to choose the best technique to use at a determined moment in time and to interpret low avidity IgG and IgA results, improving the serological diagnosis of ZIKV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11020179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T11:45:39Z","timestamp":1550663139000},"page":"179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Application and Interpretation of IgG Avidity and IgA ELISA Tests to Characterize Zika Virus Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Amaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 17165 Solna, Sweden"},{"name":"National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Seco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain"},{"name":"Virored-Network for Emerging Viruses"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9872-3316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain"},{"name":"Virored-Network for Emerging Viruses"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0065-9000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virored-Network for Emerging Viruses"},{"name":"National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7258-1439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edbia","family":"Z\u00e9-Z\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Teodora","family":"Minguito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"De La Fuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"De Ory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain"},{"name":"Virored-Network for Emerging Viruses"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization, Regional Office of the WHO (PAHO\/WHO) (2017, May 10). 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