{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T01:27:39Z","timestamp":1775957259378,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011470","name":"Shanghai Minhang Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011470","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a phytopathogen that causes canker in kiwifruit. Few conventional control methods are effective against this bacterium. Therefore, alternative approaches, such as phage therapy are warranted. In this study, a lytic bacteriophage (PN09) of Psa was isolated from surface water collected from a river in Hangzhou, China in 2019. Morphologically, PN09 was classified into the Myoviridae family, and could lyse all 29 Psa biovar 3 strains. The optimal temperature and pH ranges for PN09 activity were determined as 25 to 35 \u2218C and 6.0 to 9.0, respectively. The complete genome of PN09 was found to be composed of a linear 99,229 bp double-stranded DNA genome with a GC content of 48.16%. The PN09 endolysin (LysPN09) was expressed in vitro and characterized. LysPN09 was predicted to belong to the Muraidase superfamily domain and showed lytic activity against the outer-membrane-permeabilized Psa strains. The lytic activity of LysPN09 was optimal over temperature and pH ranges of 25 to 40 \u2218C and 6.0 to 8.0, respectively. When recombinant endolysin LysPN09 was combined with EDTA, Psa strains were effectively damaged. All these characteristics demonstrate that the phage PN09 and its endolysin, LysPN09, are potential candidates for biocontrol of Psa in the kiwifruit industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13040631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T21:49:06Z","timestamp":1617832146000},"page":"631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Characterization of a Lytic Bacteriophage against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and Its Endolysin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Peien","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Bohan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Songtao","family":"Jiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Caixi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8422-8664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelaide","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Dapeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Wenping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Shiping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41438-018-0058-6","article-title":"Pathways of flower infection and pollen-mediated dispersion of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker","volume":"5","author":"Donati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hortic. 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