{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:05:38Z","timestamp":1760234738499,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia","award":["198_596862267","617_613735895","186_596855206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["198_596862267","617_613735895","186_596855206"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Field epidemiology and viral sequencing provide a comprehensive characterization of transmission chains and allow a better identification of superspreading events. However, very few examples have been presented to date during the COVID-19 pandemic. We studied the first COVID-19 cluster detected in Portugal (59 individuals involved amongst extended family and work environments), following the return of four related individuals from work trips to Italy. The first patient to introduce the virus would be misidentified following the traditional field inquiry alone, as shown by the viral sequencing in isolates from 23 individuals. The results also pointed out family, and not work environment, as the primary mode of transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13061116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T21:34:38Z","timestamp":1623360878000},"page":"1116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Field and Molecular Epidemiology: How Viral Sequencing Changed Transmission Inferences in the First Portuguese SARS-CoV-2 Infection Cluster"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Pedro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Ipatimup, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3873-2034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Ipatimup, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Cavadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Ipatimup, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4836-6311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Tiago","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHUSJ, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S. Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FMUP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4699-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FMUP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHUSJ, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S. Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FMUP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4271-1527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Ipatimup, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1092-0","article-title":"Clustering and superspreading potential of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Hong Kong","volume":"26","author":"Adam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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