{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:52:53Z","timestamp":1775091173360,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["JO369\/5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JO369\/5-1"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["J0369\/5-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J0369\/5-2"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["270136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["270136"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000348","name":"Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JO369\/5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JO369\/5-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000348","name":"Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J0369\/5-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J0369\/5-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000348","name":"Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["270136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["270136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mozambique introduced the Rotarix\u00ae vaccine into the National Immunization Program in September 2015. Following vaccine introduction, rotavirus A (RVA) genotypes, G9P[4] and G9P[6], were detected for the first time since rotavirus surveillance programs were implemented in the country. To understand the emergence of these strains, the whole genomes of 47 ELISA RVA positive strains detected between 2015 and 2018 were characterized using an Illumina MiSeq-based sequencing pipeline. Of the 29 G9 strains characterized, 14 exhibited a typical Wa-like genome constellation and 15 a DS-1-like genome constellation. Mostly, the G9P[4] and G9P[6] strains clustered consistently for most of the genome segments, except the G- and P-genotypes. For the G9 genotype, the strains formed three different conserved clades, separated by the P type (P[4], P[6] and P[8]), suggesting different origins for this genotype. Analysis of the VP6-encoding gene revealed that seven G9P[6] strains clustered close to antelope and bovine strains. A rare E6 NSP4 genotype was detected for strain RVA\/Human-wt\/MOZ\/HCN1595\/2017\/G9P[4] and a genetically distinct lineage IV or OP354-like P[8] was identified for RVA\/Human-wt\/MOZ\/HGJM0644\/2015\/G9P[8] strain. These results highlight the need for genomic surveillance of RVA strains detected in Mozambique and the importance of following a One Health approach to identify and characterize potential zoonotic strains causing acute gastroenteritis in Mozambican children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16071140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T15:05:51Z","timestamp":1721142351000},"page":"1140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Whole-Genome Characterization of Rotavirus G9P[6] and G9P[4] Strains That Emerged after Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Mozambique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4122-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benilde","family":"Munlela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), Parcela 3943, Vila de Marracuene, Maputo 0205-02, Mozambique"},{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7447-9278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva D.","family":"Jo\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), Parcela 3943, Vila de Marracuene, Maputo 0205-02, Mozambique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2971-6526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Strydom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Avenue, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8184-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adilson Fernando Loforte","family":"Bauhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), Parcela 3943, Vila de Marracuene, Maputo 0205-02, Mozambique"},{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9470-6068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assuc\u00eanio","family":"Chissaque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), Parcela 3943, Vila de Marracuene, Maputo 0205-02, Mozambique"},{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorf\u00e9lia J.","family":"Chila\u00fale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), Parcela 3943, Vila de Marracuene, Maputo 0205-02, Mozambique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7748-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel L.","family":"Maur\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation towards Global Health (LA-REAL), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Celeste M.","family":"Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5044-6081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hester G.","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Avenue, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6769-7111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilsa","family":"de Deus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), Parcela 3943, Vila de Marracuene, Maputo 0205-02, Mozambique"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Julius Nyerere Avenue, Maputo 3453, Mozambique"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S96","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ1013","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Estimates of Rotavirus Mortality in Children <5 Years of Age, 2000\u20132013","volume":"62","author":"Tate","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. 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