{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T01:22:59Z","timestamp":1773883379440,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Abbott Rapid Diagnostics Group"},{"name":"National Health Research Institute (INIS), Luanda, Angola"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Angola (CISA), Angola"},{"name":"Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis (R. alphagastroenteritidis) remains the leading cause of pediatric diarrhea. Although Angola introduced Rotarix\u00ae, the human monovalent R. alphagastroenteritidis vaccine since 2014 as part of its routine childhood immunization program, no follow-up study has been conducted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of R.\u00a0alphagastroenteritidis genotypes among children under five years of age, hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis (AGE), after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine. To achieve this goal, stool samples collected between 2021 and 2022 from children under 5 years of age diagnosed with AGE at six hospitals in Luanda Province were analyzed. The R. alphagastroenteritidis-antigen immunochromatographic test (SD Bioline\u2122, Abbott, Chicago, IL, USA) was performed, and 121 positive samples were genotyped. Ten samples were randomly selected for further Sanger sequencing. The results showed that the G9P[6] was the most prevalent genotype (17.3%), followed by G9P[8] (16.5%), G2P[4] (14.9%), G3P[6] (13.2%), G8P[6] (11.5%), and less frequently G12P[8] (9.1%), G1P[6] (4.1%), and G1P[8] (2.5%). The genotype combinations G3P[6], G8P[6], and G12P[8] were detected for the first time in Luanda Province. In conclusion, the emergence of new genotype combinations supports the need for continuous surveillance to identify the trend in R.\u00a0alphagastroenteritidis infection and the emergence of new strains circulating in Luanda Province in the post-vaccination period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17060858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T11:53:14Z","timestamp":1750161194000},"page":"858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis: Circulating Strains After the Introduction of the Rotavirus Vaccine (Rotarix\u00ae) in Luanda Province of Angola"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Dikudila G.","family":"Vita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Agostinho Neto University, Luanda P.O. Box 116, Angola"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1698-5062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Santiso-Bell\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n INCLIVA, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6186-4070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Agostinho Neto University, Luanda P.O. Box 116, Angola"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1606-9996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoraima","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Research Institute (INIS), Maianga, Luanda P.O. Box 3635, Angola"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9378-3643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"Fortes-Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Luanda P.O. Box 5547, Angola"},{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico Militar (ISTM), Avenida Deolinda Rodrigues Km 9. Campo Militar do Grafanil, Luanda P.O. Box 5547, Angola"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6394-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Luanda P.O. Box 5547, Angola"},{"name":"Health and Technology Research Center (H & TRC), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1232-0119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cruz S.","family":"Sebasti\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Research Institute (INIS), Maianga, Luanda P.O. Box 3635, Angola"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Luanda P.O. Box 5547, Angola"},{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Cient\u00edfica (CNIC), Avenida Ho Chi Minh, 201, Maianga, Luanda P.O. Box 3635, Angola"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9698-7684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus","family":"Rodriguez-Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n INCLIVA, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4745-3819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celso","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4706-7598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Istrate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17083","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.83","article-title":"Rotavirus infection","volume":"3","author":"Crawford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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