{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T21:47:58Z","timestamp":1772056078146,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]],"date-time":"2020-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effects of the abiotic inducers \u03b2-glucan, extracted from Shiitake (Lentinula edodes), BFIICaB\u00ae (Kappaphycus alvarezii) and BKPSGII\u00ae (K. alvarezii X Sargassum sp.) on tomato plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) were evaluated through the activity of enzymes related to the induction of resistance at 5 and 10 days after inoculation (DAI). Tomato plants (21 days old, after germination) were inoculated with the pathogen conidia suspension and sprayed with 0.3% aqueous solutions of the inducers. The activities of the enzymes \u03b2-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were evaluated in fresh tomato leaves collected at 5 and 10 DAI. In all treatments, peroxidase showed the highest enzymatic activity, followed by \u03b2-1,3-glucanase and PAL. Between the seaweeds, the inducers extracted from the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (BFIICaB\u00ae) promoted the highest enzymatic activity. The exception was BKPSGII\u00ae (K. alvarezii X Sargassum sp.) where the influence of Sargassum sp. resulted in higher peroxidase activity (4.48 \u0394ab600 mg P\u22121 min\u22121) in the leaves, 10 DAI. Both the red seaweed K. alvarezii and the brown alga Sargassum sp. promoted activities of \u03b2-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase and PAL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]],"date-time":"2020-09-13T21:11:32Z","timestamp":1600031492000},"page":"524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Seaweed-Based Products and Mushroom \u03b2-Glucan as Tomato Plant Immunological Inducers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Paulo C\u00e9sar de","family":"Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras\/UFLA, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Carolina Figueiredo","family":"Collela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras\/UFLA, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7585-0294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5509-1067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5244-221X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cotas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8611-7183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M. M.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2208-2946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiril","family":"Bahcevandziev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural College of Coimbra (ESAC\/IPC), Research Centre for Natural Resources Environment and Society (CERNAS), Institute of Applied Research (IIA), 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6819-0619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonel","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2020, July 23). 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