{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:23:16Z","timestamp":1760149396044,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Lusitano horse is gaining popularity in the equestrian world, and as a result, the significance of applied sports medicine for this breed is growing. As cardiology plays a crucial role in this field, numerous studies have been conducted to establish electrocardiographic reference values in various breeds to ensure a more accurate evaluation. However, studies regarding healthy Lusitano horses are lacking. So, this study aimed to establish electrocardiographic reference values for Lusitano horses, utilizing a sample of 82 clinically healthy animals. The evaluation involved lead II and base\u2013apex lead measurements, with a median heart rate of 39 beats per minute being recorded. The P wave demonstrated a predominantly bifid configuration, while the QRS complex exhibited various forms. The most common QRS configurations were QR and R in lead II, and RS in the base\u2013apex lead. Additionally, most T waves displayed a biphasic shape in both methods. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were noted based on age and gender. Some of the electrocardiographic values obtained differed from those previously published for other breeds. Given the relevance of electrocardiogram in cardiovascular evaluation, these findings bring valuable insights regarding the specific parameters for Lusitano horse and emphasize the importance of obtaining breed-specific electrocardiographic reference values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10080518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T10:52:40Z","timestamp":1691664760000},"page":"518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrocardiographic Reference Values in Clinically Healthy Lusitano Horses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Triguinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Veterinary Care, Chapelfield Veterinary Partnership, Brooke Equine Clinic, Bungay Road, Brooke, Norwich NR15 1DX, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3873-3886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Patr\u00edcia","family":"Fontes-Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UPVET, Veterinary Hospital of Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7328-2123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV\u2014Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6336-6515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Cotovio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV\u2014Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"419","article-title":"Electrocardiography","volume":"1","author":"Fregin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vet. 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