{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T08:19:33Z","timestamp":1768465173656,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-072226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-072226"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-072226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-072226"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates the influence of sex and a dietary transition on the gut microbiota of a local Portuguese pig breed. Three groups of male Alentejano pigs (n = 10 each) were raised between ~40 and 160 kg LW. Group C included pigs that were surgically castrated, while the I group included intact ones; both were fed with commercial diets. The third group, IExp, included intact pigs that were fed commercial diets until ~130 kg, then replaced by an experimental diet based on legumes and agro-industrial by-products between ~130 and 160 kg. Fecal samples were collected two weeks before slaughter. The total DNA was extracted and used for 16S metabarcoding on a MiSeq\u00ae System. The dietary transition from a commercial diet to the experimental diet substantially increased and shifted the diversity observed. Complex carbohydrate fermenting bacteria, such as Ruminococcus spp. and Sphaerochaeta spp., were significantly more abundant in IExp (q &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, castrated pigs presented a significantly lower abundance of the potential probiotic, Roseburia spp. and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group (q &lt; 0.01), bacteria commonly associated with better gut health and lower body fat composition. Understanding the role of gut microbiota is paramount to ensure a low skatole deposition and consumers\u2019 acceptance of pork products from non-castrated male pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10110641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T02:05:07Z","timestamp":1698890707000},"page":"641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Influence of Sex and a High-Fiber Diet on the Gut Microbiome of Alentejano Pigs Raised to Heavy Weights"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1189-9803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba D\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"MED\u2014Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0401-478X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba D\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Elvas, Departamento de Ci\u00eancia Agr\u00e1rias e Veterin\u00e1rias, Edif\u00edcio Quartel do Trem, Avenida 14 de Janeiro n\u00b0 21, 7350-092 Elvas, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3597-6746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Charneca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba D\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"MED & CHANGE, Departamento de Zootecnia, ECT\u2013Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2307-5414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Egas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Next Generation Sequencing Unit, Biocant, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6379-7526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba D\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias e Tecnologias, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9480-782X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00e9lia","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba D\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias e Tecnologias, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba D\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4310-0883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Marmelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba D\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"MED\u2014Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3616-8406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba D\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"MED & CHANGE, Departamento de Zootecnia, ECT\u2013Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2022.109077","article-title":"A matter of body weight and sex type: Pig carcass chemical composition and pork quality","volume":"197","author":"Gispert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins, J.M., Varino, R., Charneca, R., Albuquerque, A., Garrido, N., Neves, J., Freitas, A., Costa, F., Marmelo, C., and Ramos, A. (2023). Outdoor Finishing of Intact Male Portuguese Alentejano Pigs on a Sustainable High-Fiber Diet: Impacts on Blood, Growth, Carcass, Meat Quality and Boar Taint Compounds. 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