{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T06:53:51Z","timestamp":1771916031192,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Projects Agro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCTI\/CVT\/57148\/2004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCTI\/CVT\/57148\/2004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Projects Agro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CVT\/098607\/2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CVT\/098607\/2008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Projects Agro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Projects Agro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Projects Agro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALT20-03-0246-FEDER-000021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALT20-03-0246-FEDER-000021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Projects Agro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Agro 438\/2003\/090023163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Agro 438\/2003\/090023163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aims of this study were to characterize the semen as well as the influence of breed, season, and semen processing on spermatozoa (SPZ) traits of four native Portuguese goat breeds used for the bank of Portuguese animal germplasm (BPAG). A total of 1017 ejaculates from Serrana (n = 30), Bravia (n = 15), Charnequeira (n = 11), and Preta de Montezinho (n = 3) bucks were collected between 2004 and 2020 at (EZN-INIAV; 39\u00b0 N) during the whole year under natural conditions. All the fresh and cryopreserved (\u2212196 \u00b0C) semen was evaluated and stored in the BPAG. Bravia bucks (the smallest breed) produced less (p &lt; 0.05) volume of ejaculate than all the other breeds, which was higher during the full breeding season (September\u2013January; p &lt; 0.05), regarding all the other breeds. Contrarily, in general, SPZ concentration was lower during September\u2013January, but total SPZ per ejaculate remained similar (p &gt; 0.05) during May\u2013August and September\u2013January in Serrana bucks. The SPZ viability and SPZ midpiece defects were slightly influenced by breed and SPZ head defects by season (lowest % in February\u2013April; p &lt; 0.05). On the contrary, the freezing\u2013thawing cycle strongly influenced (p &lt; 0.01) all SPZ traits. The correlation coefficients of these traits between fresh and thawed SPZ were low (up to 0.33; p &lt; 0.01), highlighting the importance of semen processing in semen cryopreservation. We conclude that breed and season had a relevant effect on ejaculate traits, but it was much less evident for the studied SPZ traits. These native goats can serve as semen donors throughout the year, under natural conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11070326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T14:59:50Z","timestamp":1721314790000},"page":"326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Breed and Season in Buck Semen Cryopreservation: The Portuguese Animal Germplasm Bank"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8991-4009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro","family":"Barbas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Resources, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, Quinta da Fonte Boa, 2005-424 Vale de Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA-AL4AnimalS-Faculty of Veterinary Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Resources, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, Quinta da Fonte Boa, 2005-424 Vale de Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9079-7380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Carolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Resources, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, Quinta da Fonte Boa, 2005-424 Vale de Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA-AL4AnimalS-Faculty of Veterinary Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4997-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gisele","family":"Margatho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3796-0238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Resources, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, Quinta da Fonte Boa, 2005-424 Vale de Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA-AL4AnimalS-Faculty of Veterinary Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Claudino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, Innovation and Experimentation Hub, Quinta da Fonte Boa, 2005-424 Vale de Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5385-4012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa Costa","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Resources, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, Quinta da Fonte Boa, 2005-424 Vale de Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Grilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, Innovation and Experimentation Hub, Quinta da Fonte Boa, 2005-424 Vale de Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7514-6130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Maria Lino Neto","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Resources, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, Quinta da Fonte Boa, 2005-424 Vale de Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA-AL4AnimalS-Faculty of Veterinary Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Carolino, N., Sousa, C., Carolino, I., Santos-Silva, F., Sousa, C., Vicente, A., Ginja, C., and Gama, L.T. (2017). Biodiversidade caprina em Portugal. Biodiversidad Caprina Iberoamericana, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"SPREGA (2024, June 04). Caprinos\u2013Ra\u00e7a Serrana. Available online: http:\/\/www.sprega.com.pt\/conteudo.php?idesp=caprinos&idraca=Serrana."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2024, June 11). DGAV Official Catalog of Portuguese Autochthonous Breeds. Available online: https:\/\/www.dgav.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalogo-Oficial-Racas-Autoctones-Portuguesas.pdf."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-008-9081-4","article-title":"Cryopreservation of domestic animal sperm cells","volume":"10","author":"Barbas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es, J., and Guti\u00e9rrez, C. (2017). Reproductive and Milk Production Profiles in Serrana Goats. Sustainable Goat Production in Adverse Environments: Volume II, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-71294-9"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbas, J.P., Pimenta, J., Baptista, M.C., Marques, C.C., Pereira, R.M.L.N., Carolino, N., and Sim\u00f5es, J. (2023). Ram Semen Cryopreservation for Portuguese Native Breeds: Season and Breed Effects on Semen Quality Variation. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040579"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramalho Ribeiro, J.M.C., Horta, A.E.M., Mosconi, C., and Rosati, A. (2006). Reproduction in the ovine Saloia breed: Seasonal and individual factors affecting fresh and frozen semen performance, in vivo and in vitro fertility. Animal Products from the Mediterranean Area, Brill\u2014Wageningen Academic.","DOI":"10.3920\/978-90-8686-568-0"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.08.029","article-title":"Reproductive cycle of goats","volume":"124","author":"Fatet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Mascarenhas, R., Baptista, M., Cavaco-Gon\u00e7alves, S., and Barbas, J. (2011). Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o da actividade reprodutiva e utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da IA em pequenos ruminantes. Agrorrural: Contributos Cient\u00edficos, INCM e INRB."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Sousa, J., Barbas, J., Ferreira, G., and Horta, A.E.M. (2001). Varia\u00e7\u00e3o Anual das Caracter\u00edsticas Seminais em Bodes da Ra\u00e7a Serrana. Revista Portuguesa de Zootecnia, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Engenheiros Zoot\u00e9cnicos."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mujitaba, M.A., K\u00fatv\u00f6lgyi, G., Radnai Szentp\u00e1li, J., Debn\u00e1r, V.J., Tok\u00e1r, A., Vass, N., and Bod\u00f3, S. (2024). The Influence of Three Commercial Soy Lecithin-Based Semen Extenders and Two Spermatozoa Concentrations on the Quality of Pre-Freeze and Post-Thaw Ram Epididymal Spermatozoa. Animals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14081237"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2024.05.034","article-title":"Sperm melatonin receptors, seminal plasma melatonin and semen freezability in goats","volume":"225","author":"Cerbon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Leboeuf, B. (2001). Insemination artificielle caprine: Etat de l\u00b4art. Proceedings of the Livro de Resumos, III Congresso Ib\u00e9rico de Reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o Animal, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Cupertino de Miranda."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1414","article-title":"Cryopreservation and fertility of frozen thawed Chegu goat semen","volume":"53","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramalho Ribeiro, J.M.C., Horta, A.E.M., Mosconi, C., and Rosati, A. (2006). Reproduction in the Serrana goat breed: Seasonal and individual factors affecting fresh and frozen semen performance, in vivo and in vitro fertility. Animal Products from the Mediterranean Area, Brill\u2014Wageningen Academic.","DOI":"10.3920\/978-90-8686-568-0"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2008.01188.x","article-title":"Management of Goat Reproduction and Insemination for Genetic Improvement in France","volume":"43","author":"Leboeuf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morrell, J.M., Malaluang, P., Ntallaris, T., and Johannisson, A. (2022). Practical Method for Freezing Buck Semen. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12030352"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(02)01373-0","article-title":"Effect on ejaculatory performance and semen parameters of sexually-satiated male goats (Capra hircus) after changing the stimulus female","volume":"60","author":"Prado","year":"2003","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2009.11.016","article-title":"Limitation of seasonality in reproductive parameters of Mediterranean bucks, using photoperiod treatment","volume":"89","author":"Arrebola","year":"2010","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"129","article-title":"Implications of recent advances in reproductive physiology for reproductive management of goats","volume":"54","author":"Chemineau","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"6735","article-title":"Seasonal variations of plasma testosterone levels and testicular volume in Carpathian bucks","volume":"6","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2012.01.012","article-title":"Ram and buck management","volume":"130","author":"Ridler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(91)90341-A","article-title":"Decrease in the seasonality of sexual behavior and sperm production in bucks by exposure to short photoperiodic cycles","volume":"36","author":"Delgadillo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115002177","article-title":"Continuous light after a long-day treatment is equivalent to melatonin implants to stimulate testosterone secretion in Alpine male goats","volume":"10","author":"Delgadillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.101041","article-title":"Maintenance of permanent sexual activity throughout the year in seasonal bucks using short photoperiodic cycles in open barns","volume":"18","author":"Delgadillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(92)90223-E","article-title":"Seasonal variations of semen quality in male goats: Study of sperm abnormalities","volume":"38","author":"Roca","year":"1992","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-4488(96)00887-5","article-title":"Effect of photoperiod on semen production and quality in bucks of Verata and Malague\u00f1a breeds","volume":"22","author":"Mateos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2021.104513","article-title":"Seasonal changes in testosterone and thyroxine concentrations in Mediterranean rams and bucks and their relationship with sperm cryoresistance","volume":"249","author":"Flix","year":"2021","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gali\u00e1n, S., Peinado, B., Almela, L., Poto, \u00c1., and Ruiz, S. (2023). Post-Thaw Quality of Spermatozoa Frozen with Three Different Extenders in the Murciano Granadina Goat Breed. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13020309"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Kadili, S., Kirschvink, N., Raes, M., Bister, J.L., Archa, B., Douaik, A., and Chentouf, M. (2020). Influence of Season and Liquid Storage at 16 \u00b0C on Beni Arouss Bucks\u2019 Semen Quality. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10111986"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Tabarez, A. (2014). Optimizacion del Protocolo de Crioconservacion de Semen Caprino de la Raza Aut\u00f3ctone en Peligro de Extinction\u2014Blanca de Rasquera. [Ph. D. Thesis, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona]."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12444","article-title":"The Effect of Season on Spermatozoa Motility, Plasma Membrane and Acrosome Integrity in Fresh and Frozen\u2013Thawed Semen from Xinong Saanen Bucks","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.09.047","article-title":"Sperm cryopreservation update: Cryodamage, markers, and factors affecting the sperm freezability in pigs","volume":"85","author":"Yeste","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Boes, J., Boettcher, P., and Honkatukia, M. (2023). Innovations in Cryoconservation of Animal Genetic Resources Practical Guide, Food and Agriculture Organisation. FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"127","article-title":"Motilidad y da\u00f1o acrosomal del semen caprino congelado en pajillas de 0.25 ml y 0.5 ml y descongelado a dos diferentes ritmos de temperatura","volume":"25","author":"Valencia","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet. Mex."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"116","article-title":"Effects of cryopreservation on sperm motility in white Andalusian Serrana Goat","volume":"34","author":"Vallecillo","year":"2004","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2017.01.007","article-title":"Effect of the type of egg yolk, removal of seminal plasma and donor age on buck sperm cryopreservation","volume":"149","author":"Tabarez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5958\/0973-9718.2016.00005.2","article-title":"Cryopreservation of goat semen: Status and prospects","volume":"22","author":"Gangwar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Small Rumin."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20200219","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-3143-ar2020-0219","article-title":"The effects of cryopreservation on the acrosome structure, enzyme activity, motility, and fertility of bovine, ovine, and goat sperm","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peris-Frau, P., Soler, A.J., Iniesta-Cuerda, M., Mart\u00edn-Maestro, A., S\u00e1nchez-Ajofr\u00edn, I., Medina-Ch\u00e1vez, D.A., Fern\u00e1ndez-Santos, M.R., Garc\u00eda-\u00c1lvarez, O., Maroto-Morales, A., and Montoro, V. (2020). Sperm Cryodamage in Ruminants: Understanding the Molecular Changes Induced by the Cryopreservation Process to Optimize Sperm Quality. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082781"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00748.x","article-title":"Acrosome damage and enzyme leakage of goat spermatozoa during dilution, cooling and freezing","volume":"26","author":"Chauhan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00156-1","article-title":"Production and storage of goat semen for artificial insemination","volume":"62","author":"Leboeuf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.07.003","article-title":"The effect of cryopreservation on sperm head morphometry in Florida male goat related to sperm freezability","volume":"100","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ram\u00f3n, M., P\u00e9rez-Guzm\u00e1n, M.D., Jim\u00e9nez-Rabad\u00e1n, P., Esteso, M.C., Garc\u00eda-\u00c1lvarez, O., Maroto-Morales, A., Anel-L\u00f3pez, L., Soler, A.J., Fern\u00e1ndez-Santos, M.R., and Garde, J.J. (2013). Sperm Cell Population Dynamics in Ram Semen during the Cryopreservation Process. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059189"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.187579","article-title":"Morphometry and subpopulation structure of Holstein bull spermatozoa: Variations in ejaculates and cryopreservation straws","volume":"18","author":"Valverde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.3.704","article-title":"The effects of cryopreservation on sperm morphology, motility and mitochondrial function","volume":"17","author":"McClure","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, P., Zhang, G., Xian, M., Zhang, G., Wen, F., Hu, Z., and Hu, J. (2023). Proteomic Analysis of Frozen\u2013Thawed Spermatozoa with Different Levels of Freezability in Dairy Goats. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115550"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.03.002","article-title":"Recording and sorting live human sperm undergoing acrosome reaction","volume":"97","author":"Zoppino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2366","article-title":"Effect of somatic cell count in goat milk on yield, sensory quality, and fatty acid profile of semisoft cheese","volume":"93","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2020.106350","article-title":"Computer Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA) in domestic animals: Current status, three D tracking and flagellar analysis","volume":"220","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/11\/7\/326\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:19:08Z","timestamp":1760109548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/11\/7\/326"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci11070326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci11070326","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-7381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]}}}