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Mammary gland tumors in intact female dogs are the most prevalent neoplasms. Surgical intervention remains the primary treatment choice. Alternative therapeutic options have emerged, with histopathological examination being fundamental to confirm the diagnosis and to decide the best therapy. This research focused on the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic aspects of canine mammary tumors (CMTs). Most of the animals were mixed-breed, with the majority being older than seven years, and only 16.7% had been spayed before surgery. Caudal abdominal and inguinal mammary glands were the most affected, with regional mastectomy being the predominant treatment (75.0%). Of all the tumors, 29.1% were benign, while 70.9% were malignant. Complex adenoma was the most common benign tumor, whereas tubulopapillary carcinoma was the most common malignant type. Grade III tumors (17.6%) were the least encountered, while grades I and II exhibited a similar prevalence (41.2%). All the carcinomas were classified as luminal, and cytogenetics analysis demonstrated a high chromosomal instability with significant aneuploidy observed in all cases and polyploidy detected in 62.5%. This study holds significance as canine and human breast cancers share similar characteristics, suggesting that dogs could be a valuable model for human breast cancer research. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to enhance our understanding of CMTs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11090409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T10:58:46Z","timestamp":1725447526000},"page":"409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Integrated Study of Canine Mammary Tumors Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, and Cytogenetic Findings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6652-9770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Pinto-Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics and Andrology, Hospital Center of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, E.P.E., 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2342-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o F.","family":"Mano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3010-8373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9519-4044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula A.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Adelina","family":"Gama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ke, C.-H., Sio, K.-M., Wang, S.-L., Kuo, Y., Huang, W.-H., and Lin, C.-S. 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