{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T09:06:04Z","timestamp":1769504764329,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00772\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/00681\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00681\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/05183\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led the medical and scientific community to explore the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of coronaviruses. In felines, a widespread coronavirus known as feline coronavirus (FCoV) can lead to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a highly fatal disease characterised by severe systemic inflammation. Diagnosing FCoV remains challenging due to the limited accuracy of the available methods. The present study introduces the FIP Effusion Index, a novel diagnostic method that combines the albumin-to-globulin (ALB\/GLOB) ratio with the delta total nucleated cell (\u2206TNC) count obtained via flow cytometry using the Sysmex XN-1000V\u00ae analyser in effusions. Samples from cats (n = 50) with suspected FIP were analysed for \u2206TNC, with findings showing that a \u2206TNC \u2265 2.1 is highly indicative of FIP and a \u2206TNC \u2265 4.9 can be considered diagnostic. The FIP Effusion Index enhanced diagnostic precision in our group of samples, achieving 96.3% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity for values \u2265 5.06, and reaching perfect specificity (100%) with 96.3% sensitivity for values \u2265 7.54. This combined approach surpasses the accuracy of individual parameters, establishing the FIP Effusion Index as a superior diagnostic tool for FIP, with potential applications in both veterinary and human medicine for related coronavirus diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11110563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T06:23:16Z","timestamp":1731478996000},"page":"563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Feline Infectious Peritonitis Effusion Index: A Novel Diagnostic Method and Validation of Flow Cytometry-Based Delta Total Nucleated Cells Analysis on the Sysmex XN-1000V\u00ae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9339-9932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"CEDIVET Veterinary Laboratories, Lionesa Business Hub, R. Lionesa 446 C24, 4465-671 Le\u00e7a do Balio, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0206-6903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEDIVET Veterinary Laboratories, Lionesa Business Hub, R. Lionesa 446 C24, 4465-671 Le\u00e7a do Balio, Portugal"},{"name":"Cytology and Hematology Diagnostic Services, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5711-1905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Lima de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEDIVET Veterinary Laboratories, Lionesa Business Hub, R. Lionesa 446 C24, 4465-671 Le\u00e7a do Balio, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7940-3141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Garc\u00eas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre (CRAS), Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5031-679X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anicura Santa Marinha Veterinary Hospital, R. Dom Henrique de Cernache 183, 4400-625 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5844-629X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina Vit\u00f3ria","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEDIVET Veterinary Laboratories, Lionesa Business Hub, R. Lionesa 446 C24, 4465-671 Le\u00e7a do Balio, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7076-686X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Sardinha de","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEDIVET Veterinary Laboratories, Lionesa Business Hub, R. Lionesa 446 C24, 4465-671 Le\u00e7a do Balio, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Santa Maria Hospital, Northern Lisbon University Hospital Centre (CHULN), 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0708-6874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Unilabs Portugal, Centro Empresarial Lionesa Porto, Rua Lionesa, 4465-671 Le\u00e7a do Balio, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Unilabs Portugal, Centro Empresarial Lionesa Porto, Rua Lionesa, 4465-671 Le\u00e7a do Balio, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1261-7027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6145-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7196-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0589-3533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa Leclerc","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Science and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, Polo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7002-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), University of \u00c9vora, Polo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7002-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naseer, S., Khalid, S., Parveen, S., Abbass, K., Song, H., and Achim, M.V. 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